Годишник на Софийския Университет „Св. Климент Охридски“, Биологически факултет, Книга 2 – Ботаника
Книга 2 – Ботаника от Годишника на Софийския университет е рецензирано периодично издание, издавано ежегодно в един том, публикувано онлайн с отворен достъп и в печатна версия с два съответни IUSSN-а. Публикуват се оригинални статии, обхващащи цялата област на научната ботаника и микология със световен географски обхват, като се насърчават специално статиите на студенти и млади учени. Публикуват се пет категории статии: 1) Научни статии; 2) Обзорни статии (поканени или публикувани със съгласието на редакторите); 3) Кратки съобщения; 4) Рецензии на книги; 5) Информация за научни събития, минали или предстоящи, или, за предпочитане, преглед на темите и приносите на научните срещи. Редакционната колегия включва 21 учени от три български и девет чуждестранни университета и научни институции.
Creating e-learning course on biodiversity in the European project Key to Nature
An e-learning course in biodiversity was conducted for the first time among universities in Bulgaria in Shumen University. The aim was to use the opportunities provided by the project Key to Nature (sponsored by the EC Programme eContentPlus) and the e-learning platform Moodle to develop and support the delivery of specialised training courses in Higher Education. In order to realise this goal the authors have developed a sample course in Botany. The course was conducted in the period September 2010 - February 2011. Thirty six students studying biology participated in the course. The results show that it provides an accessible option for remote collection, publication and verification of information of different nature and sources. The course proved the effectiveness of e-learning as a form of self-study that complements traditional forms. In the future, we expect an increase of the role of e-learning in Bulgarian universities, and even to replace some (parts) of the conventional study forms. References: Key To Nature Project. http://www.keytonature.eu/, September 2014. Key To Nature Moodle e-learning platform. http://k2n.dmaster.org/moodle-new/, September 2014. E-course “Trees and Shrubs in the Park of Shumen University” http://k2n.dmaster.org/moodle-new/course/view.php?id=45, (Login as a Guest; in Bulgarian), September 2014. Cole J. & Foster H. 2008. Using Moodle: Teaching with the Popular Open Source Course Management System, 2nd Edition, O’Reilly Media Inc., USA. Mihnev P. & Raycheva N. 2010. An assignment-based e-learning course on the use of Key-ToNature e-keys. - In: Nimis P. & Lebbe V. (eds). Tools for Identifying Biodiversity: Progress and Problem. Proceedings of the International Congress Paris, September 20-22, 2010. EUT - Edizioni Université di Triest, Italy, 355-360. Nimis P., Martellos S., Kozhukarova E. & Mihnev P. 2010. Materials for interactive key of wild and cultivated trees and shrubs in Bulgaria. http://dbiodbs.units.it/carso/chiavi_pub21?sc=324, September 2014. Taylor P. & Maor D. 2010. The Constructivist On-Line Learning Environment Survey (COLLES), Curtin University of Technology, Pert, Australia. http://surveylearning.moodle.com/colles/, 2014. Taylor P. & Maor D. 2010. Example COLLES (Preferred and Actual), Curtin University of Technology, Pert, Western Australia. http://surveylearning.moodle.com/mod/survey/view.php?id=3, September 2014.
Авторски права (c) 2025 Димчо Захариев, Пенчо Михнев https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Review of the medicinal plants of the North Black Sea Coast (Bulgaria)
This is the first review of the studies of medicinal plants found in the region of North Black Sea Coast. It shows the significant diversity of the medicinal plants in the northern part of Black Sea Coast floristic region: 593 species of vascular plants from 357 genera and 96 families. The majority of the families and genera are represented by a small number of species, which ranges from 1 to 4. The analysis of life forms indicates that the hemicryptophytes dominante (43.17%). The biological types are represented mainly by perennial herbaceous plants (54.81%). The highest percentage of species belongs to the European type (55.48%), followed by species of the Mediterranean type (17.54%). Among the medicinal plants one Balkan endemic, one Bulgarian endemic and 32 relicts are found. The number of species with conservation status is 55 (9.27%). 18 species are protected by a law prohibiting the herb colection within their natural habitats and collecting of 9 species is restricted by the law regulating the collection of herbs from their natural habitats. The number of antropophytes is relatively high 374 (63.07%). References: Assyov B., Dimitrov D., Vassilev R. & Petrova A. 2002. Conspectus of the Bulgarian vascular flora: Distribution maps and floristic elements, BSBCP, Sofia, 405 pp. (In Bulgarian). Assyov B., Petrova A., Dimitrov D. & Vassilev R. 2006. Conspectus of the Bulgarian vascular flora. Distribution maps and floristic elements, Bulgarian Biodiversity Foundation, Sofia, 452 pp. (In Bulgarian). Assyov B., Petrova A., Dimitrov D. & Vassilev R. 2012. Conspectus of the Bulgarian vascular flora. Distribution maps and floristic elements, Bulgarian Biodiversity Foundation, Sofia, 489 pp. (In Bulgarian). Biodiversity Act. Annex III and IV. State Gazette number 77, 9 August 2002, 9-42. Last amended in State Gazette number 27, 15 March 2013 (In Bulgarian). Bondev I. 1991. The vegetation of Bulgaria. Map in М 1:600 000 with explanatory text, University Press St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, 183 pp. (In Bulgarian). Bondev I. (ed.) 1995. Chorological Atlas of medicinal plants in Bulgaria, Publishing House of BAS, Sofia, 272 pp. (In Bulgarian). Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Appendix II, 2009, http://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.html. Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, Appendix I, 2002, http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/FR/Treaties/Html/104-1.htm. Davidov B. 1905. Researches on the coastal and Tertiary sands in Varna district. - Izv. Minist. Nar. Prosv., Sofia, 2: 1-9 (In Bulgarian). Davidov B. 1909. To the flora of Eastern Bulgaria. - Proceedings on folklore, science and literature, Sofia 25: 1-36 (In Bulgarian). Davidov B. 1914. Features of phytogeography of Bulgarian Dobrogea. - Proceedings of Bulgarian Naturalist Society, Sofia 6: 17-28 (In Bulgarian). Delipavlov D., Chesmedzhiev I., Popova M., Tersiyski D. & Kovachev I. 2011. Handbook for Plants in Bulgaria, Publishing House of Agricultural University, Plovdiv, 591 pp. (In Bulgarian). Delipavlov D., Dimitrov D., Guteva Y. & Yancheva H. 1997. Flora of Kaliakra Reserve and its adjacent areas. - Proceedings of scientific reports Dobrogea and Kaliakra, Publishing House of Higher Institute of Agriculture, Plovdiv, 25-35 (In Bulgarian). Dimitrov D., Filipova-Marinova M. & Ivanov D. 2000. New chorological data on the flora of Black Sea coast. - Proceedings of the National Museum, Varna, 30-31 (45-46): 333-335 (In Bulgarian). Dimitrov M., Dimova D., Tsavkov E. & Belev T. 2005. Floristic, plant and habitat diversity of Baltata Nature reserve. - In: Chipev N. & Bogoev V. (eds.), Proceedings of scientific reports of the First National Conference on Ecology Biodiversity, Ecosystems, Global Change, Sofia, 83-88 (In Bulgarian). Directive 92/43/EEC, Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora, Appendix II, OJ L 206, 22.07.1992. Gruev B. & Kuzmanov B. 1994. General biogeography, St. Kliment Ohridski Univ. Publ., Sofia, 498 pp. (in Bulgarian). Ivanov D., Filipova-Marinova M. & Dimitrov D. 2002. Flora and vegetation of the nature complex „Kamchia“. - Ann. Sof. Univ., Fac. Biol. 92 (2): 39-67. Ivanov I., Landzhev I. & Neshev G. 1973. Herbs in Bulgaria and their use, Zemizdat, Sofia, 406 pp. (In Bulgarian). Jordanov D. (ed.) 1963. Florae Reipublicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 1. Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdicae. 508 pp. (In Bulgarian). Jordanov D. (ed.) 1964. Florae Reipublicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 2. Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdicae. 424 pp. (In Bulgarian). Jordanov D. (ed.) 1966. Florae Reipublicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 3. Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdicae. 635 pp. (In Bulgarian). Jordanov D. (ed.) 1970. Florae Reipublicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 4. Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdicae. 748 pp. (In Bulgarian). Jordanov D. (ed.) 1973. Florae Reipublicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 5. Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdicae. 442 pp. (In Bulgarian). Jordanov D. (ed.) 1976. Florae Reipublicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 6. Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdicae. 590 pp. (In Bulgarian). Jordanov D. (ed.) 1979. Florae Reipublicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 7. Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdicae. 529 pp. (In Bulgarian). Kitanov B. 1987. Identification and collection of herbs, Zemizdat, Sofia, 207 pp. (In Bulgarian). Kochev H. 1976. Vegetation cover of the area between the rivers Batova and Dvoynitsa, Varna district, Publishing House of BAS, Sofia, 120 pp. (In Bulgarian). Kozhucharov S. (ed.) 1995. Flora of the Republic of Bulgaria, Vol. 10, Prof. M. Drinov Acad. Publ., Sofia, 428 pp. (In Bulgarian). Kozhucharov S. & Andreev N. 1980. Conspectus of the Bulgarian vascular flora. Institute of Botany with Botanical Garden, Sofia, 189 pp. (In Bulgarian). Kozhucharov S., Dimitrov D., Lazarova M. & Kozhucharova E. 1997. Characteristics of the flora and vegetation of natural plant complexes in South Dobrogea. - Proceedings of scientific reports Dobrogea and Kaliakra, Publishing House of Higher Institute of Agriculture, Plovdiv, 42-58 (Iin Bulgarian). Marinova-Filipova M., Ivanov D. & Dimitrov D. 2000. Flora and vegetation near Durankulak Lake. - Proceedings of the National Museum, Varna, 30-31 (45-46): 314-332 (in Bulgarian). Marinova-Filipova M., Ivanov D. & Dimitrov D. 2002. Flora and vegetation in the region of Shabla and Ezerets lakes. - Proceedings of the National Museum, Varna, 32-33 (47-48): 341-363 (in Bulgarian). Medicinal Plants Act. State Gazette number 29 from 7 April 2000, 9-29. Last amended in State Gazette number 82 from 26 October 2012 (In Bulgarian). Nikolov S. (ed.) 2006. Specialized encyclopedia of medicinal plants in Bulgaria, Trud, Sofia, 566 pp. (In Bulgarian). Ninov N. 2002. Soils. - In: Kopralev I. (ed.). Geography of Bulgaria. Physical and socio-economic geography, Institute of Geography, BAS, Farkom, Sofia, 227-316 (In Bulgarian). Order NoRD-83 from 3 February 2014 for special arrangements for the conservation and use of medicinal plants. State Gazette number 14, 18 February 2014 (In Bulgarian). Pamukov D. & Ahtardzhiev H. 1989. Natural pharmacy, Zemizdat, Sofia, 327 pp. (In Bulgarian). Peev D. 2001. National park Rila. Management plan 2001-2010, Adopted by Resolution No522 of Council of Ministers on 04.07.2001, Sofia (In Bulgarian). Peev D. (ed.) 2011. Red Data Book of Republic of Bulgaria. Vol. 1. Plants and Fungi, IBER - BAS & MEW, Sofia, 887 pp. (In Bulgarian). Peev D. (ed.) 2013. Flora of the Republic of Bulgaria, Vol. 11, Prof. M. Drinov Acad. Publ., Sofia, 523 pp. (In Bulgarian). Peev D., Kozuharov St., Anchev M., Petrova A., Ivanova D. & Tzoneva S. 1998. Biodiversity of Vascular Plants in Bulgaria. - In: Meine C. (ed.), Bulgaria's Biological Diversity: Conservation Status and Needs Assessment, Vol. I. Washington, D.C., Biodiversity Support Program, 55-88. Penev I. 1981. Wet forests on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. - Ann. Univ. Sof., Fac. Biol., 74 (2): 113-129 (In Bulgarian). Petrova A. & Vladimirov V. (eds) 2009. Red List of Bulgarian vascular plants. - Phytol. Balc. 15 (1): 63-94. Raunkiaer C. 1934. The Life forms of plants and statistical plant geography, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 147 pp. Stefanov B. & Kitanov B. 1962. Kultigenen plants and kultigenen vegetation in Bulgaria, Publishing House of BAS, Sofia, 275 pp. (In Bulgarian). Stoyanov N. 1928. Longoz Forest of Kamchia River and wet forest as plant formation. - Forest Review 7-8: 1-26 (In Bulgarian). Stoyanov N. 1972. Our medicinal plants, Vol 1, Nauka i Izkustvo, Sofia, 342 pp. (In Bulgarian). Stoyanov N. 1973. Our medicinal plants, Vol 2. Nauka i izkustvo, Sofia, 550 pp. (In Bulgarian). Stoyanov N. & Kitanov B. 1960. Useful wild plants in Bulgaria, Publishing House of BAS, Sofia, 431 pp. (In Bulgarian). Tzonev R., Dimitrov M. & Roussakova V. 2005. Dune vegetation of the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. - Hacquetia 4 (1): 7-32. Velchev V. (ed.) 1982. Florae Reipublicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 8. Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdicae. 518 pp. (In Bulgarian). Velchev V. (ed.) 1989. Florae Reipublicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 9. Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdicae. 539 pp. (In Bulgarian). Velchev V. 2002. Phytocoenological and ecological characteristics of the communities of Koeleria brevis Stev. and Festuca pseudovina Hack ex Wiesd. in the Balchik-Kavarna region of North-Eastern Bulgaria. - Ann. Univ. Sofia, Biol. Fac. 92 (2): 9-29. Velev S. 2002. Climatic zoning. - In: Kopralev I. (ed.), Geography of Bulgaria. Physical and socio-economic geography, Institute of Geography, BAS, Farkom, Sofia, pp. 155-157 (In Bulgarian). Vicherek J. 1971. Grundruss einer Systematik der Strandgesellscaften des Schwarzen Meers. - Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 6: 127-147. Zahariev D. & Ivanov I. 2014. The medicinal plants in Northeast Bulgaria. - Proceedings of the Second student scientific conference Ecology and Environment, Konstantin Preslavsky University Press, Shumen 1: 161-175 (In Bulgarian).
Авторски права (c) 2025 Димчо Захариев, Петя Бойчева, Красимир Косев https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Checklist of macromycetes, observed during the last 20 years (1994-2014) in the Sofia city park Borisova Gradina (Bulgaria)
A checklist of 115 species of asco- and basidiomycetes, recorded in the south-eastern part of the city park of Sofia Borisova Gradina between 1994 and 2014 is presented and briefly discussed in the paper. References: Alexov R., Vassilev D., Nedeleev P. & Traikov I. 2012. New records of seven rare and noteworthy Basidiomycetes from Bulgaria. - Trakia Journal of Sciences 10 (2): 10-16. Assyov B., Stoykov D. & Nikolova S. 2010. New records of some rare and noteworthy larger fungi from Bulgaria. - Trakia Journal of Sciences 8 (4): 1-6. Azul A. M., Castro P., Sousa J. P. & Freitas H. 2009. Diversity and fruiting patterns of ectomycorrhizal and saprobic fungi as indicators of land-use severity in managed woodlands dominated by Quercus suber - a case study from southern Portugal. - Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39 (12): 2404-2417. Babenko O. A. & Tkachenko F. P. 2008. Macromycetes of Odessa-City and its neighbourhood. - Vestnik Odesskogo Natsionalnogo Universiteta, Biologiya 13 (14): 58-64 (In Ukrainian, with Russian and English summary). Bai M. S., Wang C., Zong S. C., Lei M. & Gao J. M. 2013. Antioxidant polyketide phenolic metabolites from the edible mushroom Cortinarius purpurascens. - Food Chemistry 141 (4): 3424-3427. Barrico L., Azul A. M., Morais M. C., Coutinho A. P., Freitas H. & Castro P. 2012. Biodiversity in urban ecosystems: Plants and macromycetes as indicators for conservation planning in the city of Coimbra (Portugal). - Landscape and Urban Planning 106: 88-102. Barsakoff B. 1929. Einige für Bulgarien neue Pilzarten. - Bulletin de la Société Botanique de Bulgarie 3: 87-91 (In Bulgarian, with German Summary). Barsakoff B. [1932-1933] 1933. Characteristic der Pilzflora des Witoschagebirges. - Ann. Univ. Sof., FPhM 3 (29): 4-92 (In Bulgarian, with German Summary). Barsakoff B. 1936. Einige für Bulgarien neue und seltene Pilzarten. - Bulletin de la Société Botanique de Bulgarie 7: 108-109 (In Bulgarian, with German Summary). Barzakow B. [1925-1926] 1926a. Beitrag zur Pilzenflora in Bulgarien. - Ann. Univ. Sof., FFM 3 (22): 59-89 (In Bulgarian, with German Summary). Barzakow B. [1925-1926] 1926b. Beitrag zur Erforschung der Pilzflora des westlichen Balkangebirges. - Ann. Univ. Sof., FPhM 3 (22): 113-148 (In Bulgarian, with German Summary). Barzakow B. 1926c. Fam. Polyporaceae in Bulgaria. - Bulletin de la Société Botanique de Bulgarie 1: 21-36 (In Bulgarian, with German Summary). Barzakow B. [1927-1928] 1928. Beitrag zur Erforschung der Pilzflora Bulgariensis. - Ann. Univ. Sof., FPhM 2-3 (24): 1-18 (In Bulgarian, with German Summary). Boa E. 2004. Wild Edible Fungi: A Global Overview of their use and Importance to People (Non-Wood Forest Products). Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN, 148 pp. Bon M. 2005. Pareys Buch der Pilze. Franckh-Kosmos Verlags GmbH & Co. KG, Stuttgart, 367 pp. Burova L. G. 1986. Ecology of macromycetes fungi. Izd. Nauka, Moscow, 222 pp. (In Russian). Denchev C. M., Gyosheva M. M. & Rossnev B. 2005. Fungal diversity in Bulgaria - current state of investigation, conservation, and rational utilization. - In: Petrova A. (ed.), Current state of Bulgarian biodiversity - problems and perspectives, Bulgarian Bioplatform, Sofia 37-67. (In Bulgarian, English summary). Denchev C. M. & Assyov B. 2013. Checklist of the larger Basidiomycetes in Bulgaria. - Mycotaxon 111: 279-282. Dimitrov T. 1926. Harmful Fungi for Bulgarian forests and forest plantations (Third contribution). - Bulletin de la Société Botanique de Bulgarie 1: 53-66 (In Bulgarian, with French summary). Dimitrova E., Pencheva A., Gyosheva M., Sameva E., Bakalova G., Borisova Ts. & Nenova I. 2007. Parasitic and saprotrophic fungi on arboreal species in “Vrana” and “King Boris’ garden” parks - preliminary note. International Symposium Sustainable Forestry - Problems and challenges, Perspectives and challenges in wood technology, 46-52. Drumeva-Dimcheva M. & Gyosheva-Bogoeva M. 1993. The Macromycetes Fungi of Bulgaria. - In: Sakalian M. (ed.), The National Biological Diversity Conservation Strategy. Major reports. Volume 1. The Biodiversity Support Program, 1-34. EEA (European Environment Agency). 2010. 10 messages for 2010: Urban ecosystems. Copenhagen: EEA, 11 pp. Gyosheva M. 2011. Cortinarius prestans, Rozites caperatus. - In: Peev, D. (ed.) - Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgarian. Vol. 1. Plants and fungi. Retrieved from http://e-ecodb.bas.bg/rdb/en/vol1/ on 14.11.2014. Gyosheva M., Fakirova V. & Denchev C. 2000. Red list and thread status of Bulgarian macromycetes. - Hist. natur. Bulg. 11: 139-145. Gyosheva M. M., Denchev C. M., Dimitrova E. G., Assyov B., Petrova R. D. & Stoichev G. T. 2006. Red list of fungi in Bulgaria. - Mycologia Balcanica 3: 81-87. Hansen L. & Knudsen H. (eds.) 1992. Nordic Macromycetes. Vol. 2. Polyporales, Boletales, Agaricales, Russulales. Nordsvamp - Copenhagen, 474 pp. Hansen L. & Knudsen H. (eds.) 1997. Nordic Macromycetes. Vol. 3. Heterobasidioid, Aphyllophoroid and Gastromycetoid Basidiomycetes. Nordsvamp - Copenhagen, 445 pp. Hansen L. & Knudsen H. (eds.) 2000. Nordic Macromycetes. Vol. 1. Ascomycetes. Nordsvamp - Copenhagen, 285 pp. Hinkova Z. 1950. Beitrag zur Bulgarischen Pilzflora. - Bulletin de L’institut Botanique 1: 432-439 (In Bulgarian with Russian and German Summary). Hinkova Tz. 1955. Contribution to the Bulgarian Fungal Flora. - Bulletin de L’institut Botanique 4: 376-378 (In Bulgarian). Hinkova Tz. 1961. Materials on the Fungous Flora of Bulgaria. - Mitteilungen des Botanischen Instituts 8: 251-259 (In Bulgarian with Russian and English Summary). Index Fungorum. Retrieved from http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp on 19.11.2014. Jordanov D., Vanev S. & Fakirova V. 1978. The fungi in Bulgaria. A guide to the most distributed edible and poisonous mushrooms in Bulgaria. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Publishing House, Sofia, 247 pp. (In Bulgarian). Kirk P. M., Cannon P. F., Minter D. W. & Stalpers J. A. (eds.) 2008. Ainsworth and Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi. Tenth Edition prepared by CABI Europe - UK, 784 pp. Kowarik I. 2011. Novel urban ecosystems, biodiversity, and conservation. - Environmental Pollution 159 (8-9): 1974-1983. Lacheva M. 2010. Lignicolous macromycetes in Parks in the city of Plovdiv. - In: Proceedings of Eight Scientific-Technical Conference with International Participation Ecology and health, Plovdiv, 471-478 (In Bulgarian with English Summary). Lilleskov E. A. & Bruns T. D. 2001. Nitrogen and ectomycorrhizal fungal communities: What we know, what we need to know. - New Phytologist 149 (2): 154-158. Moore D., Robson G. D & Trinci A. P. J. 21st Century Guidebook to Fungi. Cambridge university Press, Cambridge, 628 pp. Pecoraro L., Perini C., Salerni E. & De Dominicis V. 2007 - Contribution to the knowledge of the mycological flora of the Pigelleto Nature Riserve, Mt. Amiata (Italy). - Flora Mediterranea 17: 143-163. Peev D. (ed.) 2011. Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria. Vol.1. Plants and fungi. Retrieved from http://e-ecodb.bas.bg/rdb/en/vol1/ on 14.11.2014. Petkov P. & Antonov G. 1994. Soil moisture regime in forest plantations in Borisova Gradina Park and in the North park in Sofia. - In: Penev L. Niemelä J., Kotze D. J. & Chipev N. (eds.), The ecology of the City of Sofia. Species and communities in urban environments. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow, 209-212. Petrovic I., Grujicic N. K., Stojkovic D., Davidovic S., Glamoclija J., Ciric A., Sokovic M. & Stevanovic M. 2014. Meripilus giganteus in prevention of cancer: Phenolic profile, biological potential and antitumor effect via upregulation of p53 and SoX1 expression in HeLa cells. - European Journal of Cancer 50 (5): 194. Romagnesi H. 1970. Petit Atlas des Champignons. Tome I. Bordas, 248 pp. Romagnesi H. 1971. Petit Atlas des Champignons. Tome II. Bordas, 206 pp. Ruthes A. C., Carbonero E. R., Cordova M. M., Baggio C. H., Santos A. R. S., Sassaki G. L., Cipriani T. R., Gorin P. A. J. & Iacomini M. 2013. Lactarius rufus (1—3), (1—>6)-ß-d-glucans: Structure, antinociceptive and antinflammatory effects. - Carbohydrate Polymers 94 (1): 129-136. Sede S. & Lopez S. E. 1999. Xylophagous fungi of urban trees in Buenos Aires City. - Mycologist 3 (4): 173-175. Slater J. 1993. A survey of fungi in Sefton Park, Liverpool. - Mycologist 7 (2): 94. Spooner B. & Roberts P. 2005. Fungi. Harper Collins Publishers, 594 pp. Szczepkowski A. 2007. Macromycetes in the Dendrological Park of the Warsaw Agricultural University. - Acta Mycologica 42 (2) 179-186. Terho M., Hantula J. & Hallaksela A.-M. 2007. Occurrence and decay patterns of common wood-decay fungi in hazardous trees felled in the Helsinki City. - For. Path. 37: 420-432. Yoo Y. & Choi H. T. 2014. Antifungal chitinase against human pathogenic yeasts from Coprinellus congregates. - J Microbiol. 52 (5): 441-443. Yurukova L. 1994. Medicinal plant species and edible macromycetes in the city of Sofia - dangerous for man? - In: Penev L. Niemelä J., Kotze D. J. & Chipev N. (eds.), The ecology of the City of Sofia. Species and communities in urban environments. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow, 249-256.
Авторски права (c) 2025 Майя П. Стойнева-Гертнер, Благой А. Узунов https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Review on Quercus dalechampii Ten. and Quercus petraea (Mattuschka) Liebl. in the vegetation of Bulgaria
Quercus dalechampii Ten. and Quercus petraea (Mattuschka) Liebl. have close taxonomical features, ecological requirements and phytocenological characteristics. Quercus dalechampii is wide spread in Bulgarian mountains up to 1500 m a.s.l. Q. petraea does not make communities, but takes part in the communities of Q. dalechampii as single individuals. The aim of this review is to show taxonomical differences and some ecological and phytocenological characteristics of these two similar species. References: Apostolova I. & Slavova L. 1997. Synopsis of plant communities in Bulgaria, published during the period 1891-1995. Print ET "K. Belivanov", Sofia, 340 pp. Assenov A., Lyubenova M., Asenov A., N. Georgieva & Pachedjieva K. 2013. Ecological and space differences in Habitat 91M0 Panonian - Balkanic Turkey oak-Sessile Oak Forests. - In: Proceedings “Ecology seminar -2013“, Sofia, 25-26 April 2013, 114-119. Assyov B. & Petrova A. 2012. Conspectus of Bulgarina vascular plants. 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Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria. Volume 3. Natural Habitats, BAS et MOEW, Sofia, 332-333. Dimitrov M. 2015b. 27G1 Mountain forests of Carpinus betulus and Quercus dalechampii. - In: Biserkov V, Gussev Ch., Popov V., Hibaum G., Roussakova V, Pandurski I., Uzunov Y., Dimitrov M., Tzonev R. & Tsoneva S. (eds) 2015. Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria. Volume 3. Natural Habitats, BAS et MOEW, Sofia, 334-335. Djankova K., Dimitrov D. & Lyubenova M. 2003. Floristic content of beech forests in the region of Buzludja peak, Central Balkan mountains. - In: Proceedings “International Scientific Conference 75 Years Forestry Institute”, Sofia, 1-5 October, 2003, vol. I, 198-202 (In Bulgarian). EUROPEAN FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES PROGRAMME: http://www.euforgen.org/distribution-maps/ EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INFORMATIONS SYSTEM ORGANISATION - EUNIS: http://eunis.eea.europa.eu/ Gogushev G. 2009. Floristic classification of the oak forest of West Frontier mountains in Bulgaria. 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Авторски права (c) 2025 Ева Филипова, Асен Асенов https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Flora, mycota and vegetation of Kupena Reserve (Rodopi Mountains, Bulgaria)
The paper represents results from recent complex studies of flora, mycota and vegetation within the Kupena Reserve (Rodopi Mts, Bulgaria). Twenty six species, referred to 2 divisions, 4 classes and 17 families are recorded for the bryoflora. The vascular flora is presented by 370 species from 57 families, 122 of which are considered as medicinal plants. Eighty seven species of larger ascomycetes and basidiomycetes are found and reported for first time in the reserve. Four of them are of a high conservation value. The vegetation cover is consisted of mixed and monodominant deciduous and coniferous forests, as well as of mire, riverbank and mesic grasslands. Thirteen types of habitats according to the Habitats Directive classification have been recorded within the reserve. References: Biological Diversity Act. State Gazette, Sofia, issue 77, August 2002, last change and addition issue 66, July 2013 (In Bulgarian). Bozilova E., Panovska H. & Tonkov S. 1989. 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Авторски права (c) 2025 Николай И. Велев, Анна С. Ганева, Мелания М. Гьошева, Десислава Г. Сопотлиева, Цветелина С. Терзийска, Ива И. Апостолова https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Review of the current status and future perspectives on Pseudogymnoascus destructans studies with reference to the species findings in Bulgaria
Emerging infectious diseases are a well-known threat to the wildlife and require complex research. There is a rapidly accumulating knowledge on the infectious disease of bats (White Nose Syndrome - WNS/White Nose Disease - WND) and its causative agent - the pathogenic fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans. Although mass mortality of bats, known since a decade, is currently restricted to North America, the pathogen is of global concern as a potential threat to other hibernating bat populations. Therefore five years after the first comprehensive synthesis on the fungal ecology and relevant knowledge gaps (Foley et al. 2011), we decided to summarize the published information on the pathogen morphology, reproduction, ecological requirements, geographic distribution and systematic position. In addition, the present review compiles the available data on the affected bat species, mechanisms of WND, on the host response and on the effective treatment strategies with possible methods forfighting the pathogen to reduce the mortality in affected regions as well. Special attention is paid to the finding of the fungus in Bulgarian caves. References: Amelon S. & Knudsen G. 2010. Evaluation of nonpathogenic bat skin microbes for antagonistic activity to Geomyces destructans. - Progress report, U. S. Forest Service, University of Idaho: 1-2. https://www.whitenosesyndrome.org/resource/evaluation-non-pathogenic-bat-skin-microbes-antagonistic-activity-geomyces-destructans. Anonymous 2014. News from the world of bats: White-nose news. - The Underground Movement 14 (6): 20-21. Bandouchova H., Bartonicka T., Berkova H., Brichta J., Cerny J., Kovacova V, Kolarik M., Köllner B., Kulich P., Martinkova N., Rehak Z., Turner G. G., Zukal J. & Pikula J. 2015. 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Авторски права (c) 2025 Ния Л. Тошкова, Виолета Л. Желязкова, Благой А. Узунов, Майя П. Стойнева-Гертнер https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The paper reports 12 rare larger fungi from Bulgaria. All taxa belong to basidiomycetes. Three of them - Climacodon septentrionalis, Limacella delicata var. vinosorubescens and Mycena flos-nivium are new records for Bulgaria. Five species are of high conservation value, included in the Red List of fungi in Bulgaria. Most of the species are uncommon and endangered in Europe. References: Alexov R., Vassilev D., Nedeleb P. & Traikov I. 2012. New records of seven rare and noteworthy basidiomycetes from Bulgaria. - Trakia Journal of Sciences 10 (2): 10-16. Assyov B., Stoykov D. & Nikolova S. 2010. New records of some rare and noteworthy larger fungi from Bulgaria. - Trakia Journal of Sciences 8 (4): 1-6. Assyov B., Stoykov D. & Gyosheva M. 2012. Some rare and noteworthy larger fungi in Bulgaria. - Trakia Journal of Sciences 10 (2): 1-9. Barzakov B. 1926. Beitrag zur Erforchung der Pilzenflora in Bulgarien. - Ann. Univ. Sof., FFM 22 (3): 57-89 (In Bulgarian). Courtecuisse R. & Duhem B. 1995. Mushrooms and toadstools of Britain and Europe. Collins Field Guide. Harper Collins Publishers, London, 480 pp. Denchev C. M. & Assyov B. 2010. Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria. - Mycotaxon 111: 279-282. Gminder A. 1994. Die trockenstieligen Arten der Gattung Limacella in Europe. - Zeitschrift für Mykolgie 60 (2): 377-398. Gyosheva M. M., Denchev C. M., Dimitrova E. G., Assyov B., Petrova R. D. & Stoichev G. 2006. Red List of Fungi in Bulgaria. - Mycologia Balcanica 3: 81-87. Gyosheva M., Assyov B. & Stoykov D. 2012. Some noteworthy Agaricales and Cantharellales from Bulgaria. - Phytologia Balcanica 18 (2): 107-111. Index Fungorum. Retrieved from http://www.indexfungorum.org./Names/Names.asp. Kirk P. M. & Ansell A. E. 2004. Authors of Fungal Names. Electronic version. CAB International, Wallingford (www.index-fungorum.org/Names), accessed on 2014/2015. Koski-Kotiranta S. & Niemelä T. 1987. Hydnaceous fungi of the Hericiaceae, Auriscalpiaceae and Climacodontaceae in northwestern Europe. - Karstenia 27 (2): 43-70. Krieglsteiner G. J. (ed.) 2001. Die Großpilze Baden-Württenbergs. Band 3. Ständerpilze: Blätterpilze I. Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 634 pp. Krieglsteiner G. J. (ed.) 2003. Die Großpilze Baden-Württenbergs. Band 4. Ständerpilze: Blätterpilze II. Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 467 pp. Kuthan J. & Kotlaba F. 1981. Makromyzeten des Nationalparkes Ropotamo in Bulgarien. Sbornik Narodniho Muzea v Praze, Rada B (Prirodovědeckâ) 37 (2): 77-136. Lacheva M. 2012а. New data for some rare macromycetes in Bulgaria. - Agricultural Science and Technology 4 (4): 434-439. Lacheva M. 2012b. New data of some rare larger fungi of Agaricaceae (Agaricales) in Bulgaria. - Science & Technologies II (6): 24-29. Nikolaeva T. 1961. Familia Hydnaceae. - In: Savic V. (ed.), Flora Plantarum Cryptogamarum USSR 6 (Fungi 2), Moskva & Leningrad, 443 pp. (In Russian). Peev D. et al. (eds.) 2011. Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria. Vol.1. Plants and fungi. Phillips R. 2006. Mushrooms, Pan Macmillan, London, 384 pp. Schnittler M. 1996. Zu den Roten Listen der Pilze Deutschlands. - In: Ludwig G. & Schnittler M. (eds.), Rote Liste gefährdeter Pflanzen Deutschlands. - Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde 28: 369-376. Stoichev G. T. 1982. New taxa and chorological data concerning the fungal flora of Bulgaria. - Fitologiya (Sofia) 21: 43-50 (In Bulgarian).
Авторски права (c) 2025 Мелания М. Гьошева, Теодор Т. Неделин https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
New localities of Clathrus ruber (Basidiomycota) in Bulgaria
In Bulgaria the basidiomycete Clathrus ruber is known generally from the Black Sea coastal region and has been sporadically recorded in Sofia city, Vitosha Mt and Rodopi Mts. In the last edition of the Red List of fungi in Bulgaria it has been declared as “near threatened”. The paper provides data on three new localities of the species in south-western part of Bulgaria and presents a chorological map for this fungus in the country. References: Assyov B., Stoykov D. & Nikolova S. 2010. New records of some rare and noteworthy larger fungi from Bulgaria. - Trakia Journal of Sciences 8 (4): 1-6. Denchev C. M. & Assyov B. 2010. Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria. - Mycotaxon 111: 279-282. Gyosheva M. M., Denchev C. M., Dimitrova E. G., Assyov B., Petrova R. D. & Stoichev G. T. 2006. Red list of fungi in Bulgaria. - Mycologia Balcanica 3: 81-87. Gyosheva M., Fakirova V. & Denchev C. 2000. Red list and thread status of Bulgarian macromycetes. - Hist. natur. Bulg. 11: 139-145. Hinkova Tz. 1961. Materials on the fungous flora of Bulgaria. - Mitteilungen des Botanischen Instituts 8: 251-259 (In Bulgarian, with English and Russian summary). Kuthan J. & Kotlaba F. 1981. Makromyzeten des Nationalparkes Ropotamo in Bulgarien. - Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae 37 (2): 77-136. Kuthan J. & Kotlaba F. 1988. Makromyzeten der Bulgarischen Schwarzmeerkuste und einiger Orte im Landesinnern Bulgariens. - Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae 37 (3-4): 137-244. Lacheva M. 2012. New data for some rare macromycetes in Bulgaria. - Agricultural Science and Technology 4 (4): 434-439. Peev D. (ed.) 2011. Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria. Vol.1. Plants and Fungi. Retrieved from http://e-ecodb.bas.bg/rdb/en/vol1/ on 24.10.2014, 10:35.
Авторски права (c) 2025 Благой А. Узунов, Пламен Митов, Боян Златков, Огнян Сивилов https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
New localities of Battarrea phalloides (Basidiomycota) in Bulgaria
Battarrea phalloides, a rarely found basidiomycete which is included in the Red List of fungi in Bulgaria and also in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria with threat status EN B2a(i,ii,iv), has been recorded in two new localities in Eastern Bulgaria near to the Black Sea coastal region. The paper provides data on macro- and microscopic description of the basidiomata, coordinates, and map of distribution of the fungus in Bulgaria. References: Denchev C. 2005. Problems in conservation of fungal diversity in Bulgaria and prospects for estimating the threat status of microscopic fungi. - Mycologia Balcanica 2: 251-256. Denchev C. M. & Assyov B. 2010. Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria. - Mycotaxon 111: 279-282. Dinev D. 2013. Fungus picture taken for the Red Book in “Penyo Penev” Park. - Novinar Ug, electronic newspaper - Haskovo. Retrieved from http://novinarug.com/news/2013/01/05/ on 29.05.2014, 09:29 (In Bulgarian). Drumeva-Dimcheva M. & Gyosheva-Bogoeva M. 1993. The Macromycetes Fungi of Bulgaria. - In: Sakalian M. (ed.), The National Biological Diversity Conservation Strategy. Major reports. Volume 1. The Biodiversity Support Program, 1-34. Gyosheva M. & Stoychev G. T. 2011. Battarrea phalloides. - In: Peev D. (ed.) - Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgarian. Vol. 1. Plants and fungi. Retrieved from http://e-ecodb.bas.bg/rdb/en/vol1/ on 24.10.2014, 10:35. Gyosheva M. M., Denchev C. M., Dimitrova E. G., Assyov B., Petrova R. D. & Stoichev G. T. 2006. Red list of fungi in Bulgaria. - Mycologia Balcanica 3: 81-87. Gyosheva M., Fakirova V. & Denchev C. 2000. Red list and thread status of Bulgarian macromycetes. - Hist. natur. Bulg. 11: 139-145. Lacheva M. 2012a. Gasteroid fungi of Agaricaceae (Agaricales) in Thracian Lowland. - In: Petrova A. (ed.), Proc. VII Natl. Conf. Bot., 29-30.09.2011, Sofia, Bulg. Bot. Soc., Sofia, 245-250 (In Bulgarian). Lacheva M. 2012b. New data of some rare larger fungi of Agaricaceae (Agaricales) in Bulgaria. - Science & Technologies 2 (6): 24-26. Lacheva M. 2014. New data about some rare and interesting Agaricales species in Bulgaria. - Ecologia Balkanica 5: 107-114. Peev D. (ed.) 2011. Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria. Vol.1. Plants and fungi. Retrieved from http://e-ecodb.bas.bg/rdb/en/vol1/ on 24.10.2014, 10:35.
Авторски права (c) 2025 Благой А. Узунов https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Flora, mycota and vegetation of Dupkata Reserve (Rodopi Mts, Bulgaria)
The study represents a pilot scientific research of flora, mycota and vegetation within the Dupkata Reserve. Twenty three species, referred to 2 divisions, 3 classes and 16 families are recorded for the bryoflora. One of them is listed in the Habitat Directive. The vascular flora is presented by 103 species from 38 families. Forty eight vascular plants are considered as medicinal plants. Forty two species of larger ascomycetes and basidiomycetes are found in the reserve. Three of them are of high conservation value. The vegetation cover is consisted mostly of floristically poor communities of Spruce forest and mixed Spruce and Scots pine forests. Habitats within the reserve are presented by six types according to the Habitat Directive classification. References: Biological Diversity Act. State Gazette, Sofia, issue 77, August 2002, last change and addition issue 66, July 2013 (In Bulgarian). Bondev I., Meshinev T., Andreev N. & Slavova L. 1981. The flora and vegetation in the Parangalitza Reserve. - In: Reports of a regional symposium on conservation of natural areas and of the genetic material they contain, Sofia, BAS, 100-111 (In Bulgarian). Bondev I., Meshinev T. & Andreev N. 1983. Botanical characteristics of the Bistrishko Branishte reserve. - In: Third National Conference of Botany, Sofia, BAS, 935-948 (In Bulgarian). Bondev I., Lazarov I. & Lyubenova M. 1985. The vegetation of the V. Kolarov reserve in the Rodopi Mountains. - In: Reports of a regional symposium on conservation of natural areas and of the genetic material they contain, Sofia, BAS, Vol. 2, 133-141 (In Bulgarian). Bondev I., Lyubenova M. & Lyubenov M. 1995. The vegetation of the Chuprene biospheric reserve. - In: Proceedings of a jubilee symposium on the centenary of birth of Acad. Boris Stefanov, Sofia, BAS, Vol. 2, 19-26 (In Bulgarian). Braun-Blanquet, J. 1965: Plant sociology: The study of plant communities. Hafner, London, 439 pp. Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. URL: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/habitatsdirective/index_en.htm. Delipavlov D. & Cheschmedzhiev I. (eds). 2004. Key to the plants in Bulgaria. Agric. Univ. Press, Plovdiv, 591 pp. (In Bulgarian). Executive Environment Agency. Retrieved from http://eea.government.bg/zpo/en/index.jsp. Gyosheva M. M., Denchev C. M., Dimitrova E. G., Assyov B., Petrova R. D. & Stoichev G. 2006. Red List of Fungi in Bulgaria. Mycologia Balcanica 3: 81-87. Index Fungorum. Retrieved from http://www.indexfungorum.org./Names/Names.asp. Jordanov D. (ed.). 1963. Florae Reipublicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 1. Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdicae. 508 pp. (In Bulgarian). Jordanov D. (ed.). 1964. Florae Reipublicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 2. Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdicae. 424 pp. (In Bulgarian). Jordanov D. (ed.). 1966. Florae Reipublicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 3. Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdicae. 635 pp. (In Bulgarian). Jordanov D. (ed.). 1970. Florae Reipublicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 4. Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdicae. 748 pp. (In Bulgarian). Jordanov D. (ed.) 1973. Florae Reipublicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 5. Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdicae. 442 pp. (In Bulgarian). Jordanov D. (ed.) 1976. Florae Reipublicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 6. Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdicae. 590 pp. (In Bulgarian). Jordanov D. (ed.). 1979. Florae Reipublicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 7. Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdicae. 529 pp. (In Bulgarian). Kirk P. M. & Ansell A. E. 2004. Authors of Fungal Names. Electronic version. CAB International, Wallingford (www.index-fungorum.org/Names). Kozuharov S. & Anchev M. (eds). 2012. Florae Reipublicae Bulgaricae. Vol. 11. Editio Academica “Professor Marin Drinov”, Serdicae. 523 pp. (In Bulgarian). Kozuharov S. (ed.). 1992. Field Guide to the vascular plants in Bulgaria. Naouka & Izkoustvo, Sofia. 788 pp. (In Bulgarian). Kozuharov S. (ed.). 1995. Florae Reipublicae Bulgaricae. Vol. 10. Editio Academica “Professor Marin Drinov”, Serdicae. 428 pp. (In Bulgarian). Lazarov I. 1995. Phytocoenological investigation of coniferous forests in Mt Osogovo. - In: Proceedings of a jubilee symposium on the centenary of birth of Acad. Boris Stefanov, Sofia, BAS, Vol. 2, 27-29 (In Bulgarian). Medicinal Plants Act. State Gazette, Sofia, issue 29, April 2000 (In Bulgarian). Meshinev T. (project manager) 2002. Report on the results of project “Biological diversity of Western Rodopi Mts - inventory and conservation rules”, subproject “Inventory and actions for conservation of the region around Beglika, Dupkata and Mantaritza reserves”, Grant 47nref-27.06.2001, Institute of Botany, BAS (Unpublished, in Bulgarian). Natcheva R., Ganeva A. & Spiridonov G. 2006. Red List of the Bryophytes in Bulgaria. - Phytol. Balc. 12 (1): 55-62. Nikolov V. & Valchev V. 1998. Vegetation of the coniferous belt of Chernatitza and Prespa Divides in the West Rhodopean Moutains. - Phytol. Balc. 4 (1-2): 105-121. Nikolov V. & Vulchev V. 2001. Vegetation of the coniferous belt in the Malyovitsa Divide of the Rila Mountains. - Phytol. Balc. 7 (1): 39-64. Peev D., Petrova A., Anchev M., Temniskova D., Denchev C. M., Ganeva A., Gussev Ch. & Vladimirov V. (eds). 2011. Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria. Vol. 1. Plants and Fungi. IBER-BAS & MOEW. (http://e-ecodb.bas.bg/rdb/bg/vol1) Petrov S. 1975. Bryophyta Bulgarica. Clavis diagnostica. Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Sofia, 535 pp. (In Bulgarian). Petrova A. & Vladimirov V. (eds). 2009. Red List of Bulgarian Vascular Plants. - Phytol. Balc. 15 (1): 63-94. Petrova A. & Vladimirov V. 2010. Balkan endemics in the Bulgarian flora. - Phytol. Balc. 16 (2): 293-311. Velchev V. (ed.). 1982. Florae Reipublicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 8. Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdicae. 518 pp. (In Bulgarian). Velchev V. (ed.). 1989. Florae Reipublicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 9. Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdicae. 539 pp. (In Bulgarian). Velchev V. 2002. Characteristic features and regularities in the distribution of the present-day vegetation. - In: Kopralev I. (ed.), Geography of Bulgaria. Physical Geography. Socio Economic Geography. ForCom, Sofia, pp. 321-324 (In Bulgarian).
Phytoplankton of the reservoir “Dospat” (Rodopi Mts, Bulgaria) as indicator of negative trend in reservoir development due to long-term cage fish farming
The paper presents the results of the recent (2011) investigation of phytoplankton composition and abundance, with its seasonal and spatial dynamics in the reservoir “Dospat” (the first in Bulgaria used for cage fish farming) and shows the changes in its waters after 30 years of exploitation. Totally 55 taxa from 7 divisions have been identified: Cyanoprokaryota (8), Pyrrhophyta (3), Euglenophyta (4), Cryptophyta (1). Ochrophyta (Bacillariophyceae - 26; Synurophyceae - 2), Chlorophyta (9) and Streptophyta (2), Cyanoprokaryotes have been recorded for first time in the reservoir and their harmful species Planktothrix rubescens and Aphanziomenon flos-aquae were found among the dominants and subdominants. The highest number of species was detected in June (42), the phytoplankton communities near to the dam were more species-rich and with higher abundance in comparison with those in the tailwaters, most probably due to the effect of the fish cages situated in the uppermost part of the reservoir. According to the average phytoplankton biomass (1,39 mg l-1) in 2011 the reservoir “Dospat” could be classified as mesotrophic. However, it has to be noted that this value is twofold higher in comparison with 1972-1975 period, when the biomass was 0.7 mg l-1. Most probably, the changes in the species composition, the increase in the phytoplankton biomass and of the reservoir trophic status are related with the effects from the cage fish farming. References: Anneville O., Kaiblinger C., Tadonleke R. D., Druart J. C. & Dokulil M. T. 2008. Contribution of long-term monitoring to the European water framework directive implementation. - In: Proceedings of Taal 2007: The 12th World Lake Conference, 1122-1131. Calijuri M. C., Dos Santos A. C. A. & Jati S. 2002. Temporal change in the phytoplankton community in a tropical and eutrophic reservoir (Barra Bonita, S.P. Brazil). - J. Plankton Res. 24 (7): 617-634. Cox J. E. 1996. Identification of freshwater diatoms from live material. Chapman and Hall, London, 158 pp. D'Alelio D. & Salmaso N. 2011. Occurrence of an uncommon Planktothrix (Cyanoprokaryota, Oscillatoriales) in a deep lake south of the Alps. - Phycologia 50 (4): 379-383. Deisinger G. V. 1984. Leitfaden zur Bestimmung der planktischen Algen der Karntner Seen und ihrer Biomasse. Karntner Insitut fur Seenforschung, 76 pp. Domingues R., Barbosa A. & Galvao H. 2008. Constraints on the use of phytoplankton as a biological quality element within the Water Framework Directive in Portuguese waters. - Marine Pollution Bulletin 56: 1389-1395. Guiry M. D. & Guiry G. M. 2014. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org. Hanpongkittikul A. & Wongrat L. 2005. Phytoplankton community in the Pasak Jolasid Reservoir, Lop Buri Province. - Kasetsart University Fishery Research Bulletin 28: 1-12. Jakhar P. 2013. Role of phytoplankton and zooplankton as health indicators of aquatic ecosystem: a review. - Int. J. Innovat. Res. Stud. 2 (12): 490-500. Komârek J. & Fott B. 1983. Chlorophyceae (Grünalgen). Ordnung: Chlorococcales. - In: Huber-Pestalozzi G., Das Phytoplankton des Süßwassers, 7/1, 1044 pp. Laugaste R. 1974. Size and weigth of the most widely distributed algae in the Tchudsko Pskovsk and Vyrtsyarv lakes. - Gidrobiologicheskie issledovaniya 4: 7-23 (In Russian). Naidenow W. & Saiz D. 1977. Plankton of the reservoir “Dospat” in the first years of its impoundment. - Hydrobiologiya (Sofia) 5: 24-36 (In Bulgarian, German and Russian summ.). Naselli-Flores L. 2013. Morphological analysis of phytoplankton as a tool to assess ecological state of aquatic ecosystems: the case of lake Arancio, Sicily, Italy. - Inland Waters (4): 15-26. Naumova S. & Zhivkov M. 1988. The influence of the intensive trout cage farming and hydrochemical and hydromicrobilogical quality of the water in the reservoir “Dospat”. - Hydrobiologiya (Sofia) 33: 45-57 (In Bulgarian). Rott E. 1981. Some results from phytoplankton counting intercalibration. - Schweiz. Z. Hydrol. 43: 34-62. Saiz D. 1977. Seasonal phytoplankton dynamics in the reservoir “Batak”. - Hydrobiologiya (Sofia) 5: 52-60 (In Bulgarian, German and Russian summ.). Sommer U., Gliwicz Z. M., Lampert W. & Duncan A. 1986. PEG-model of seasonal succession of planktonic events in fresh waters. - Arch. Hydrobiol. 106 (4): 433-471. Stoyneva M. & Michev T. 2007. Yazovir Dospat. - In: Michev T. M. & Stoyneva M. P. (eds). Inventory of Bulgarian wetlands and their biodiversity. Database of Bulgarian Non-Lotic Wetland and their Biodiversity., Elsi-M Publ.House, Sofia, IBW 3155. Uzunov Y. & Kovachev S. 2002. Hydrobiology. Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow, 342 pp. (In Bulgarian).
Авторски права (c) 2025 Костадин Т. Дочин, Майя П. Стойнева https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Diatom diversity of springs and spring-fed streams in Vitosha Nature Park, Bulgaria
The paper presents the first contemporary study of the diatom diversity of the springs, spring-fed streams, peat bogs and mires forming the headwaters of three rivers (Bistrishka River, Boyanska River and Strouma River) in Vitosha Nature Park. Diatom samples were collected from all natural substrata at each sampling site - epilithon, epiphyton and epipelon. A total of 353 taxa (298 species, 53 varieties and 2 forms) belonging to 70 genera were found. The highest number of species was observed in the genera Navicula s.l., Achnanthes s.l., Pinnularia, Gomphonema and Eunotia. Fifty-nine taxa are new to the Bulgarian algal flora, and 305 taxa are reported for first time for Vitosha Mountain. The dominant structure of the diatom communities was identified and the number of rare and threatened species was assessed. One hundred and seven taxa (30% of all taxa found in the study) are included in the Red List of limnic diatoms of Central Europe. Notes on some interesting taxa are provided. References: Bukhtiyarova L. N. & Round F. E. 1996. Revision of the genus Achnanthes sensu lato Psammothidium, a new genus based on A. marginulatum. - Diatom Research 11: 1-30. Cantonati M., Gerecke R. & Bertuzzi E. 2006. Springs of the Alps - sensitive ecosystems to environmental change: from biodiversity assessments to long-term studies. - Hydrobiologia 562: 59-96. Caraus I. 2012. Algae of Romania. A distributional checklist of actual algae. Version 2.3, third revision. - Bacau: Univ., Bacau. 809 pp. European Committee for Standardization. 2003. - EN 13946:2003. Water quality - Guidance standard for the routine sampling and pretreatment of benthic diatoms from rivers. European Standard, 13 pp. Gussev Ch., Dimitrova D., Tzoneva S. 2005. Natura 2000 - European Ecological Network in Vitosha Mountain. EcoArk, Sofia, 80 pp. Hakanson H. 2002. A compilation and evaluation of species in the genera Stephanodiscus, Cyclostephanos and Cyclotella with a new genus in the family Stephanodiscaceae. - Diatom Research 17 (1): 1-139. Houk V. 2003. Atlas of freshwater centric diatoms with a brief key and descriptions. Part 1. Melosiraceae, Orthoseiraceae, Paraliaceae and Aulacoseiraceae. - Czech Phycology, Suppl. 1: 1-110. Ivanov P., Kirilova E. & Ector L. 2006. Diatom taxonomic composition of rivers in South and West Bulgaria. - Phytol. Balc. 12 (3): 327-338. Ivanov P., Kourteva E. & Mancheva A. 2007. Diatom taxonomic composition of streams and small rivers in the Strouma basin, SW Bulgaria. - Phytol. Balc. 13 (3): 293-305. Kawecka B. 1974. Vertical distribution of algae communities in Maljovica Stream (Rila - Bulgaria). - Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii 21 (1): 211-228. Kawecka B. 1976. Eunotia flexuosa (Bréb.) Kütz. var. rilensis nov. var. (Bacillariophyceae) in the Maljovica stream (Rila - Bulgaria). - Acta Hydrobiol. 18 (4): 425-427. Kawecka B. 1980a. The ecological characteristics of diatom communities in the mountain streams of Europe. - In: Ross R. (ed.). Proceedings of the 6th International Diatom Symposium, Koeltz Science Publ. Koenigstein, 425-434. Kawecka B. 1980b. Sessile algae in European mountain streams. 1. The ecological characteristics of communities. - Acta Hydrobiol. 22 (4): 361-420. Kawecka B. 1981. Sessile algae in European mountain streams. 2. Taxonomy and autecology. - Acta Hydrobiol. 23 (1): 17-46. Kilroy C., Biggs B. J. F., Vyverman W. & Broady P. 2006. Benthic diatom communities in subalpine pools in New Zealand: Relationships to environmental variables. - Hydrobiologia 561: 95-110. Kirjakov I. & Vodenicharov D. 1986. Die Algenflora im Einzugagebiet der Flusse Beli Osum und Cerni Osum. - Nauchni Trudove Plovdivski Univ. “Paisii Hilindarski”, Mat. Fiz. im. Biol. 24 (1): 37-51. Krammer K. & Lange-Bertalot H. 1986-1991. Bacillariophyceae. - In: Ettl H., Gerloff J., Heynig H. & Mollenhauer D. (eds.). Sübwasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Vol. 2: Parts 1-4. Gustav Fisher Verlag, Stuttgart, N. York, 1: 1-875; 2: 1-596; 3: 1-576; 4: 1-437. Krammer K. 1997a. Die cymbelloiden Diatomeen. Eine Monographie der weltweit bekannten Taxa. Teil 1. Allgemeines und Encyonema Part. - Bibl. Diatomol. 36: 1-382. Krammer K. 1997b. Die cymbelloiden Diatomeen. Eine Monographie der weltweit bekannten Tax. Teil 1. Encyonema part, Encyonopsis and Cymellopsis. - Bibl. Diatomol. 37: 1-469. Krammer K. 2000. The genus Pinnularia. - In: Lange-Bertalot H. (ed.). Diatoms of Europe. Diatoms of the European Inland Waters and Comparable Habitats, A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G. 703 pp. Krammer K. 2002. Cymbella. - In: Lange-Bertalot H. (ed.). Diatoms of Europe. Diatoms of the European Inland Waters and Comparable Habitats, A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G. 584 pp. Krammer K. 2003. Cymbopleura, Delicata, Navicymbula, Afrocymbella, Gomphocymbellopsis. - In: Lange-Bertalot H. (ed.). Diatoms of Europe. Diatoms of the European Inland Waters and Comparable Habitats, A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G. 530 pp. Lange-Bertalot H. & Krammer K. 1989. Achnanthes eine Monographie der Gattung mit Definition der Gattung Cocconeis und Nachtragen zu den Naviculaceae. - Bibl. Diatomol. 18, J. Cramer, Berlin. Stuttgart, 393 pp. Lange-Bertalot H. & Metzelin D. 1996. Indicators of Oligotrophy. 800 taxa representative of three ecologically distinct lake types. - Iconogr. Diatomol. 2, A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G., 390 pp. Lange-Bertalot H. 1993. 85 Neue Taxa und über 100 weitere neu definierte Taxa ergänzend zur Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa Vol. 2/1-4. - Bibl. Diatomol. 27: 1-454. Lange-Bertalot H. 1996. Rote Liste der limnischen Kieselalgen (Bacillariophyceae) Deutschlands. - Schriften-Reihen für Vegetationskunde 28: 633-677. Lange-Bertalot H. 2001. Navicula sensu stricto. 10 Genera separated from Navicula sensu lato. Frustulia. - In: Lange-Bertalot H. (ed.). Diatoms of Europe. Diatoms of the European Inland Waters and Comparable Habitats 2. - A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G. 526 pp. Levkov Z., Krstic S., Nakov T., Melovski L. 2005. Diatom assemblages on Shara and Nidze Mountains, Macedonia. - Nova Hedwigia 81 (3): 501-538. Lowe W. H. & Likens G. E. 2005. Moving headwater streams to the head of the class. - BioScience: 55 (3): 196-197. Nagumo T. 2003. Taxonomic studies of the subgenus Amphora Cleve of the genus Amphora (Bacillariophyceae) in Japan. - Bibl. Diatomol. 49: 1-265. Passy-Tolar S., Pan R. & Lowe R. 1999. Ecology of the major periphytic diatom communities from the Mesta River, Bulgaria. - Internat. Rev. Hydrobiol. 84 (2): 129-174. Petkoff S. 1900. Deuxième contribution à l’étude des algues d’eau douce en Bulgarie. - Troudove na Bulgarskoto Prirodoizpitatelno Drouzhestvo (Sofia) 1: 1-21 (In Bulgarian, French summ.). Petkoff S. 1904. Troisième contribution à l’étude des algues d’eau douce de Bulgarie. - Periodichno Spisanie na Bulgarskoto Knizhovno Drouzhestvo (Sofia) 16 (1-2): 385-416 (In Bulgarian, French summ.). Petkoff S. 1905. Contribution supplémentaire à la flore algologique de Rila-planina. - Periodichno Spisanie na Bulgarskoto Knizhovno Drouzhestvo (Sofia) 66: 222-239 (In Bulgarian, French summ.). Petkoff S. 1922. La vegetation des eaux de Vitocha. Contribution a l’hydrologie et l’hygiene de la capital. - Ann. Univ. Sof., FMF 18: 1-272 (In Bulgarian, French summ.). Petkoff S. 1925. La flore algologique du mont Pirin-planina. - Sbornik BAN 20: 1-128 (In Bulgarian, French summ.). Reichardt E. 1999. Zur Revision der Gattung Gomphonema. Die Arten um G. affine/insigne, G. angustatum/micropus, G. acuminatum sowie gomphonemoide Diatomeen aus dem Oberoliozan in Bohmen. - Iconogr. Diatomol. 8: 1-206. Reichardt E. 2004. Eine bemerksenswerte diatomeenassoziation in einem Quellhabitat im Grazer Bergland, Oesterreich. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis seltener und wenig bekannter Diatomeen. - Iconogr. Diatomol. 13: 418-480. Rott E., Cantonati M., Fuereder L., Pfister P. 2006. Benthic algae in high altitude streams of the Alps - a neglected component of the aquatic biota. - Hydrobiologia 562: 195-216. Round F., Crawford R. & Mann D. 1990. The diatoms. Biology and morphology of the genera. - Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 747 pp. Spaulding S. A., Lubinski D. J. & Potapova M. 2010. Diatoms of the United States. http://westerndiatoms.colorado.edu (accessed on 06 March, 2015). Temniskova-Topalova D. & Misaleva N. 1982. Diatoms from the Bulgarian part of Ograzhden Mountain. - Fitologiya (Sofia) 20: 50-63. Vodenicharov D. & Kirjakov I. 1987. The algae in the Cherni Osum river basin including the Steneto Biosphere Reserve. - In: Kuzmanov B. (ed.). Proc. Fourth Natl. Conf. Bot., Bulg. Acad. Sci., Sofia, 1987. 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Авторски права (c) 2025 Цветелина Ишева, Пламен Иванов https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The first record of marasmius limosus and pholiota conissans (basidiomycota) in Bulgaria
The paper provides information on the first finding of Marasmius limosus Quél. and Pholiota conissans (Fr.) M. M. Moser in Bulgaria. Both fungi were found as saprotrophs on decaying leaves and stems of Typha angustifolia L. in the karstic swamp Dragomansko Blato. Morphological data obtained by light microscopy are provided for both species. The easy recording of both species in the swamp in the middle of October allows the suggestion for further autumn searching for macromycetes in wetlands. References: Barsakoff B. 1929. Einige für Bulgarien neue Pilzarten. - Bulletin de la Société botanique de Bulgarie 3: 87-91 (In Bulgarian). Bas C., Kuyper W. Th., Noordeloos M. E. & Vellinga E. C. (eds), 1995. Flora Agaricina Neerlandica. Volume 3. A. A. Balloema, Rotterdam, Brookfield, 183 pp. Bas C., Kuyper W. Th ., Noordeloos M. E. & Vellinga E. C. (eds), 1999. Flora Agaricina Neerlandica. Volume 4. A. A. Balloema, Rotterdam, Brookfield, 191 pp. Ganeva A. & Roussakova V 2015. 0494 Alkaline swamps and mires. - In: Biserkov V., Gussev Ch., Popov V., Hibaum G., Roussakova V., Pandurski I., Uzunov Y., Dimitrov M., Tzonev R. & Tsoneva S. (eds) 2015. Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria. Volume 3. Natural Habitats, BAS et MOEW, Sofia, 123-125. Gyosheva M. 2007a. Macromycetes of non-lotic Bulgarian wetlands. - In: Michev T. M. & Stoyneva M. P. (eds), Inventory of Bulgarian Wetlands and their Biodiversity. Part 1: Non-Lotic Wetlands. Publ. House Elsi-M, Sofia, 171-172. Gyosheva M. 2007b. Fungal species of IBW0012.- In: Stoyneva M. P. & Michev T. M. Data base in Michev T. M. & Stoyneva M. P. (eds), Inventory of Bulgarian Wetlands and their Biodiversity. Part 1: Non-Lotic Wetlands. Publ. House Elsi-M, Sofia, IBW0012. Gyosheva M. M., Assyov B. & Stoykov D. Y. 2012. Some noteworthy Agaricales and Cantharellales from Bulgaria. - Phytol. Balc. 18 (2): 107-111. Hansen L. & Knudsen H. (eds), 1992. Nordic Macromycetes. Vol. 2. Nordsvamp - Copenhagen, 474 pp. Index Fungorum, http://www.indexfungorum.org, retrieved on 18.02.2015. Redhead S.. A. 1981. Agaricales on wetland Monocotyledoneae in Canada. - Can. J. Bot. 59: 574-589. Redhead S.. A. 1984. Additional Agaricales on wetland Monocotyledoneae in Canada. - Can. J. Bot. 62: 1844-1851. Stoyneva & Michev 2007a. Data base. - In: Michev T. M. & Stoyneva M. P. (eds), Inventory of Bulgarian Wetlands and their Biodiversity. Part 1: Non-Lotic Wetlands. Publ. House Elsi-M, Sofia, IBW0012. Stoyneva M. P. & Michev T. M. 2007b. State-of-art survey of Bulgarian Non-Lotic Wetlands and their Biodiversity. - In: Michev T. M. & Stoyneva M. P. (eds), Inventory of Bulgarian Wetlands and their Biodiversity. Part 1: Non-Lotic Wetlands. Publ. House Elsi-M, Sofia, 88-108.
New records of some rare and noteworthy larger fungi from Bulgaria
New data about the distribution of eleven rare larger fungi for Bulgaria from the Middle Danube Plain (Pleven District) are presented in the paper. Nine species are of a high conservation value, included in the Red List of fungi in Bulgaria. Three of them are enlisted also in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria. Seven taxa are new records from Middle Danube Plain. References: Assyov B., Stoykov D. & Nikolova S. 2010. New records of some rare and noteworthy larger fungi from Bulgaria. - Trakia J. Sci., Ser. Biomed. 8 (4): 1-6. Curtecuisse R. & Duhem B. 1995. Mushrooms and toadstools of Britain and Europe. Collins Field Guide. Harper Collins Publishers, London, 480 pp. Dennis R. W. G. 1968. British Ascomycetes. J. Cramer, Lehre, 455 pp. Denchev C.M. & Ass y o v B. 2010. Checklist of the larger Basidiomycetes in Bulgaria. - Mycotaxon 111: 279-282. Dimitrova E. & Gyosheva M. 2009. Bulgarian Pezizales: diversity, distribution and ecology. - Phytol. Balcan. 15 (1): 13-28. Gyosheva M. 2015a. Amanita caesarea (Scop.) Pers. - In: Peev D. (Ed-in-Chief), Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria. Vol. 1. Plants and Fungi, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Environment and Waters, Sofia, p. 863. Gyosheva M. 2015b. Auriscalpium vulgare Gray. - In: Peev D. (Ed-in-Chief), Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria. Vol. 1. Plants and Fungi, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Environment and Waters, Sofia, p. 773. Gyosheva M. 2015c . Cortinarius bulliardii (Pers.) Fr. - In: Peev D. (Ed-in-Chief), Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria. Vol. 1. Plants and Fungi, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Environment and Waters, Sofia, p. 790. Gyosheva M., Assyov B., Konstantinidis G. & Stoykov D. Y. 2012. Collection of Tuber macrosporum from the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgaria and Greece). - Ascomycete org. 4 (4): 75-78. Gyosheva M. M., Denchev C. M., Dimitrova E. G., Assyov B., Petrova R. D. & Stoichev G. 2006. Red List of fungi in Bulgaria. - Mycologia Balcanica 3: 81-87. Gyosheva M. & Tzonev R. 2005. Macromycetes from the Pleven's Hills, Danube Plain. - Ann. Univ. Sof. 97 (2): 15-25. Hinkova Ts. 1955. Contribution to the Bulgarian fungal flora. - Izvestiya na Botanicheskiya Institout (Sofia) 4: 376-378 (In Bulgarian). Index Fungorum . Retrieved from http:// www.indexfungorum.org./Names/Names.asp. Kirk P. M. & Ansell A. E. 2004. Authors of Fungal Nanes. Electronic version. CAB International, Wallingfort (www.index-fungorum.org/Names). Krieglstein e r G. J. 2000. Die Großpilze Baden - Württembergs. Bd 2. Ständerpilze: Leisten-, Keulen-, Korallen-, und Stoppelpilze, Bauchpilze, Röhrlings- und Täublingsartige. Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 620 pp. Krieglsteiner G. J. 2001. Die Großpilze Baden - Württembergs. Bd 3. Ständerpilze: Blätterpilze I. Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 634 pp. Phillips R. 2006. Mushrooms. Macmillan, Alassio, 384 pp. Stoichev G. & Gyosheva M. 2005. New and rare macromycetes to Bulgaria. - In: Gruev B., Nikolova M. & Donev A. (eds) Proceeding of the Balkan Scientific Conference of Biology, 9-21 May 2005, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 298-304 (http://free.hit.bg/batkiro/ BCB/GS_MG.pdf, accessed February 2008).
Авторски права (c) 2025 Мелания М. Гьошева, Росен Т. Цонев https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Aerophytic green algae, epimycotic on Fomes fomentarius (L. ex Fr.) Kickx.
Four species of green algae were found on the upper surface of Fomes fomentarius (L. ex Fr.) Kickx. basidiome. Desmococcus vulgaris (represented by both vegetative cells and aplanosporangia) dominated among them. Trebouxia arboricola (represented by free living vegetative cells and autosporangia), and two species of Stichococcus (S. bacillaris, S. minutus) were the other identified algae. It is proposed to use the term “epimycotic” (from the greek “epi”- over and “mykes” - fungus) for algae and/or other organisms capable of growing and developing on the upper surface of fungal fruiting bodies. References: Burdsall H. H., Volk T. J. & Ammirati J. F. Jr. 1996. Bridgeoporus, a new genus to accommodate Oxyporus nobilissimus (Basidiomycota, Polyporaceae). - Mycotaxon 60: 387-395. Ettl H. & Gärtner G. 1995. Syllabus der Boden-, Luft-und Flechtenalgen, Fischer, Stuttgart, Jena, New York, 721 pp. Ettl H. & Gärtner G. 2014. Syllabus der Boden-, Luft-und Flechtenalgen. 2. Aufl., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 773 pp. Gärtner G. 1975. Die Gattung Trebouxia Puymaly. - Algol. Stud. 41: 495-548. Gärtner G. & Stoyneva M. P. 2003. First Study of Aerophytic Cryptogams on Monuments in Bulgaria. - Ber. nat.-med. Verein Innsbruck 90: 73-82. Hindâk F. 1996. Klùc na urcovanie nerozkonarenych vlaknitych zelenych rias (Ulotrichineae, Ulotrichales, Chlorophyceae) [Key to unbranched filamentous green algae (Ulotrichineae, Ulotrichales, Chlorophyceae)]. - Bull. Slov. Bot. Spol., Bratislava, Suppl. 1: 1-77 (In Slovakian). Kirk P. M., Cannon P. F., Minter D. W. & Stalpers J. A. (eds.) 2008. Ainsworth and Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi. Tenth Edition prepared by CABI Europe - UK, 784 pp. Mancheva A. 2013. Aerophytic algae from the rock phenomenon and nature monument Belogradchishki Skali. PhD Thesis, Sofia University, Faculty of Biology, 191 pp. (In Bulgarian). Petkoff S. 1925. La flore algologique du mont Pirin-planina. - Sbornik na Bulgarskata Akademiya na Naukite 20: 1-128 (In Bulgarian). Redberg G. L., Hibbert D. S., Ammirati Jr. J. F. & Rodriguez R. J. 2003. Phylogeny and genetic diversity of Bridgeoporus nobilissimus inferred using mitochondrial and nuclear rDNA sequences. - Mycologia 95 (5): 836-845. Reynolds D. R. 1978. Foliculous Ascomycetes 1: The Capnodiaceous genus Scorias, Reproduction. - Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles 288: 1-15. Stoyneva M. P. & Gärtner G. 2009. Remarkable and newly recorded aeroterrestric Cyanoprokaryotes and algae in Bulgaria. - In: Ivanova D. (ed.), Plant, fungal and Habitat diversity investigation and conservation. Proceedings of IV Balkan Botanical Congress, Sofia, 20-26 June 2006. Institute of Botany, Sofia, 122-127. Uzunov B. A. 2009. Aeroterrestrial algae from Pirin Mountain (Bulgaria). PhD Thesis, Innsbruck University, 182 pp. Uzunov B. A., Stoyneva M. P. & Gärtner G. 2007. Review of the studies on aero-terrestrial cyanoprokaryotes and algae in Bulgaria with a Checklist of recorded species. I. - Phytol. Balcan. 13 (1): 65-73. Uzunov B. A., Stoyneva M. P. & Gärtner G. 2008. Review of the studies on aero-terrestrial cyanoprokaryotes and algae in Bulgaria with a Checklist of the recorded species. II. - Phytol. Balcan. 14: 11-18. Vodenicharov D., Draganov S. J. & Temniskova D. 1971. Flora of Bulgaria. Algae. Izd. Narodna Prosveta, Sofia, 642 pp. (In Bulgarian). Zavada M. S. & Simoes P. 2001. The possible demi-lichenization of the basidiocarps of Trametes versicolor (L.: Fries) Pilat (Polyporaceae). - Northeastern Naturalist 8 (1): 101-112. Zavada M. S., DiMichele L. & Toth C. R. 2004. The demi-lichenization of Trametes versicolor (L.: Fries) Pilat (Polyporaceae): The transfer of fixed 14CO2 to T. versicolor. - Northeastern Naturalist 11 (1): 33-40.
Авторски права (c) 2025 Майя Стойнева, Благой А. Узунов, Georg Gärtner https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Red List of Bulgarian algae. II. Microalgae
The Red List presented in this paper is focused on Bulgarian non-marine microalgae which face a risk of extinction. The assignment to each IUCN Red List category is according to the seven specific criteria and their relative values in the new method for evaluation of the threatened status of microalgae (Stoyneva-Gärtner et. al., this volume). The list contains 756 taxa (613 species, 82 varieties and 61 forms) from 7 divisions, classified in six IUCN categories and shows that threatened microalgae represent 14% the total algal biodiversity of Bulgaria. References: Beshkova M. 1998. Phytoplankton of the coastal lakes Shabla and Ezerets (Northeastern Bulgaria) during the period 1992-1994. - In: Gоlemansky V. V. & Naidenov W. T. (eds), Biodiversity of Shabla lake System, Sofia, “Prof. Marin Drinov” Acad. Publ. House, 25-38. Beshkova M. 2000. The phytoplankton of the glacial high mountain lakes Sedemte Rilski Ezera (the Rila Mountain, Bulgaria). - In: Gоlemansky V. V & Naidenov W. T. (eds), Biodiversity and evolution of glacial water ecosystems in the Rila Mountains, Sofia, Inst. Zool., 105-124. Blazencic J., Stevanovic B., Blazencic Z. & Stevanovic V. 2006. Red Data List of Charophytes in the Balkans. - Biodiv. Conserv. 15: 3445-3457. Bourrelly P. 1965. Note de nomenclature algale: Valkanoviella nom. nov. - Rev. Algol. 8 (1): 64-65. Catalan J., Barbier iM. G., Bartumeus F., Bitusek P., BotevI., Brancelj A., Cogalniceanu D., Manca M., Marchetto A., Ognyanova -Rumenova N., Pla S., Rieradevall M.,Sorvari S., Stefkova E., Stuchlik E., Ventura M. 2009. Ecological threasholds in European alpine lakes. - Freshwater Biol. 54: 2494-2517. Dimitrova R. E., Nenova E. P., Uzunov B. A., Shihiniova M. D. & Stoyneva M. P. 2014. Phytoplankton composition of Vaya Lake (2004-2006). - Bulg. J. Agric. Sci. 20, Suppl. 1: 165-172. Dochin K. T. & Stoyneva M. P. 2014. Effect of long-term cage fish-farming on the phytoplankton biodiversity in two large Bulgarian reservoirs. - Ber. nat.-med. Verein Innsbruck 99: 49-96. Draganov S. 1960. Beitrag zur Algenflora Bulgariens. - Ann. Univ. Sof. 52 (1): 163-167 (In Bulgarian). Draganov S. [1962/1963] 1964a . Beitrag zur Algenflora Bulgariens. II. - Ann. Univ. Sof. 57 (1): 9-20 (In Bulgarian). Draganov S. 1964b . Beitrag zur Algenflora Bulgariens. III. - Ann. Sof. Univ. 52 (2): 10-15. Draganov S. [1962/1963] 1964c. “Cylindrospermum echinulatus sp. n. - a new blue-green algal species“. - Ann. Univ. Sof. 57 (1): 35-40 (In Bulgarian). Draganov S. 1979. Blue-green algae in the soils of North-Bulgarian forest-steppe zone. Autoreferat of PhD Thesis, Sofia University ‘St. Kliment Ohridski’ (In Bulgarian). Draganov S. 1981. Aulosira valkanovii sp. n. and Calothrix hollerbachii sp. n. - new hormogonal blue-green algae from soils in Bulgaria. - Fitologiya (Sofia) 18: 52-56. Draganov S. & Dimitrova-Burin E. 1977. Speleoalgological investigations in Bulgaria. - International Speleleology 73, Proceedings of the 6th International Congress of Speleology, Olomouc-CSSR, Academia, Praha, 11-17 (In Russian). Draganov S. & Dimitrova-Burin E. 1980. Speleo-algological studies in Bulgaria. - Ecology (Sofia) 6: 62-69 (In Bulgarian). Draganov St. J. & Stoyneva M. P. 1988. Algal flora of River Danube (Bulgarian sector) and adjacent water basins. I. Composition and distribution of the phytoplankton of River Danube. - Ann. Sof. Univ. 79 (2): 38-63. Draganov St. & Stoyneva M. 1992. Algal flora of the Danube river (Bulgarian sector) and adjoined water basins. III. Algae from some adjoined water basins. - Ann. Univ. Sof. 82 (2): 63-78. Draganov S., Stoyneva M. & Phan Dahn 1992. Soil blue-green algae from the Reserves ‘Old Oak’ and ‘Lopushna’ (Bulgaria). - Ann. Univ. Sof. 81 (2): 5-10 (In Russian, English summ.). Draganov S. J., Georgiev B. B., Mileva E. K. & Georgieva I. L. 1984. Blue-green algae of the Northern and Central parts of the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. - Hidrobiologiya (Sofia) 20: 51-64 (In Russian, English summ.). Draganov S., Stoyneva M. & Georgiev B. 1987. Algal flora of River Danube (Bulgarian sector) and of the adjoined water basins. - In: International Symposium 'The Role of Wetlands in Preserving the Genetic Material', Srebarna, 8-12 October 1984, Collected Works, Sofia, BAS, 1986, 42-51 (In Russian, English summ.). Environmental Agency, Japan 2000. Threatened Wildlife of Japan, Red Data Book, 2nd Edition. Publ. by Japan Wildlife Reserch Center, Tokyo, xi+123 pp. (In Japanese). Gärtner G., Stoyneva M.. & Uzunov B. 2015. First record of Palmellopsis texensis (Groover et Bold) Ettl et Gärtner (Chlorophyta, Tetrasporales, Palmellopsidaceae) from Bulgaria, found in a 20 years dried soil of a herbarium specimen. - Algol. Stud. 148: 57-65. Gärtner G. & Stoyneva M. P. 2003. First study of aerophytic cryptogams on monuments in Bulgaria. - Ber. nat.-med. Verein Innsbruck 90: 73-82. Gärtner G., Stoyneva M. P., Uzunov B. A., Mancheva A. & In golic E. 2012. Ultrastructure of vegetative cells and autospores of aerophytic strain of Vischeria stellata (Chodat ex Poulton) Pascher (Eustigmatophyceae) from Bulgaria. - Fottea 12 (2): 273-280. Gärtner G., Uzunov B. A., Stoyneva M.. P., Kofler W. & Ingolic E. 2010b. Trochisciopsis tetraspora f. minor forma nova (Chlorophyta, Chlorophyceae, Chlorococcaceae) a new terrestrial green algal taxon from Pirin Mt (Bulgaria), and its ultrastructure. - Phyton (Horn, Austria) 50 (1): 127-136. Georgiev G. 1948. General characteristics of plants of somebreeding places of Anophelinae in Bulgaria. - Voenno-Sanitarno Delo (Sofia) 2: 8-10 (In Bulgarian, Russian and Bulgarian summ.). Georgiev B., Georgieva I. & Draganov S. 1985. Algal benthos in Sozopol aquatoria. II. - Hidrobiologiya (Sofia) 25: 71-79. 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Epilithic diatom flora and evaluation of ecological status of the Mesta River during 2000-2009. - In: Uzunov Y., Pehlivanov L., Georgiev B. B., Varadinova E. (eds), Mesta River: Biological quality elements and ecological status. Sofia, “Prof. Marin Drinov” Acad. Publ. House, 23-48. Ivanov P. & Ector L. 2006. Achnantidium temniskovae sp. nov. - a new diatom from River Mesta, Bulgaria. - In: Ognjanova-Rumenova N. & Manoylov K. (eds), Advances in Phycological Studies, Festschrift in honour of Prof. Dobrina Temniskova-Topalova, Pensoft & Univ. Publ. House, Sofia-Moscow, 147-154. Ivanov P. & Kirilova E. 2006. Benthic diatom assemblages from different substrates of the Iskar River, Bulgaria - In: Witkowski A. (ed.), Proceedings of the 18th International Diatom Symposium. Miendzyzdroje, Poland, 2-7 September 2004. Biopress Limited, Bristol, 107-124. Ivanov P., Chipev N. & Temniskova D. 2003a . 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Neue Blaualgen und Grünalgen für die Flora Bulgariens. - Ann. Univ. Sof. 68: 35-39 (In Bulgarian, Russian and German summ.). Temniskova D. & Stoyneva M. 2011. Algology. Volume 1. General part. Pensoft, Sofia- Moscow, 1-512. ISBN 978-954-642-606-2. Temniskova D. & Stoyneva M. 2011. Algology. Volume 2. Systematic part. Pensoft, Sofia- Moscow, 513-1040. ISBN 978-954-642-607-9. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Ve r s io n 2015-4. www.iucnredlist.org. Uzunov B. A., Stoyneva M. P. & Gärtner G. 2007. Review of the studies on aero-terrestrial cyanoprokaryotes and algae in Bulgaria with a Checklist of recorded species. I. - Phytol. Balcan. 13 (1): 65-73. Uzunov B. A., Stoyneva M. P. & Gärtner G.. 2008a. First record of Coelastrella species (Chlorophyta: Scenedesmaceae) in Bulgaria. - Ber. nat. med. Verrein Innsbruck 95: 27-34. Uzunov B. A., Stoyneva M. P. & Gärtner G.. 2008b. Review of the studies on aero-terrestrial cyanoprokaryotes and algae in Bulgaria with a Checklist of recorded species. II. - Phytol. Balcan. 14 (1): 11-18. Uzunov B. A., Gärtner G, Stoyneva M. P. & Ingolic E. 2010. First record of coenocytic coccal green soil algae from Pirin Mt. - Ecological Engeneering and Environmental Protection 1: 53-57. Valchanova M. & Stoyneva M.2000. Phytoplankton of the peat-bog Tschokljovo (South- western Bulgaria). - Ann. Univ. Sof. 91 (2): 87-103. Valkanov A. 1926. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Flagellaten Bulgariens. - Izvestiya na Bulgarskoto Botanichesko Drouzhestvo (Sofia) 1: 105-120 (In Bulgarian, German summ.). Valkanov A. 1928. Protistenstudien II. Notizen uber die Flagellaten Bulgariens. - Arch. Protistenkd. 63 (3): 419-450. Valkanov A. 1955. Notes on the alga Pithophora kewensis Wittr. - Izvestiya na Botanicheskiya Institout 4: 119-125 (In Bulgarian). Valkanov A. 1962. Ueber die Entwicklung von Hymenomonas coccolithophora Conrad. - Rev. Algol. 6: 218-226. Valkanov A.1964. Korsikoviella vaucheriae. n. g. n. sp. (Protococoineae) und ihre Entwicklung. - Arch. Mikrobiol. 48: 247-258. Vodenicarov D. 1958. Beitrag zur Algenflora Bulgariens. - Izvestiya na Botanicheskiya Institout - BAN (Sofia) 6: 431-438 (In Bulgarian, Russian and German summ.). Vodenicharov D. 1960. Beitrag zur Algenflora Bulgariens. II. - Ivestiya na Botanicheskiya Institout - BAN (Sofia) 7: 321-331 (In Bulgarian, Russian and German Summ.). Vodenicarov D. 1962. Beitrag zur Algenflora Bulgariens. IV. - Izvestiya na Botanicheskiya Institout - BAN (Sofia) 10: 145-159 (In Bulgarian, Russian and German summ.). Vodenicarov D. 1963. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Micractinium Fries. - Compt. Rend. Acad. bulg. Sci. 16 (3): 305-308. Vodenicarov D. 1967. Beitrag zur Algenflora Bulgariens. VI. - Izvestiya na Botanicheskiya Institout-BAN (Sofia) 27: 231-237 (In Bulgarian, Russian and German summ.). Vodenicarov D. 1970. Centritactus heteracanthus sp. nov. - Vish Pedagogicheski Institout - Plovdiv, Natura - Botanika 3 (1): 127-130. Vodenicarov D. 1972. Untersuchungen über die Morphologie und die Systematik der Gattung Botrydium Wallr. - Izvestiya na Botanicheskiya Institout - BAN (Sofia) 22: 69-96 (In Bulgarian, Russian and German summ.). Vodenicarov D. G. 1989. Die Gattung Neglectella Vodenic. et Bendrl. und zwei neue Gattungen: Neglectellopsis gen. nov. und Skujaster gen. nov. (Chlorophyta, Chlorococcales). - Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 82, 4 (Algol. Studies 57): 409-424. Vodenicarov D. & Benderliev K. 1971. Kentrosphaera gibberosa sp. nov. - Naouchni Troudove na Vishiya Pedagogicheski Institout “P. Hilendarski” 9 (1): 119-127 (In Bulgarian). Vodenicarov D. & Benderliev K. 1971. Neglectella gen. nov. (Chlorococcales). - Nova Hedwigia 21: 801-815. Vodenicarov D. & Kiriakov I. 1970. New species of Mougeotia and Spirogyra from South Bulgaria. - Izvestiya na Prirodonaouchniya Mouzey - Plovdiv 1: 19-30 (In Bulgarian, Russian and German summ.). Vodenicarov D. & Kirjakov I. 1986. Die Algen im Topolnica-Einzugsgebiet. - Naouchni Troudove Plovdivski Ouniversitet “P. Hilendarski“ 24 (1): 17-35 (In Bulgarian, Russian and German summ.). Vodenicarov D. & Kirjakov I. 1987. The algae in the Cherni Osum river basin including the Steneto biosphere reserve. - In: Proceedings of the Fourth National Conference - Botany 1987, 140-147 (In Bulgarian). Vodenicharov D. 1960a. Investigation of the genus Botrydium Wallr. in Bulgaria. - Ukrainskiy Botanichniy Zhournal (Kiiv) 17 (2): 61-66 (In Ukrainian, Russian and English summ.). Vodenicharov D. 1960b. New green algae. - Ukrainskiy Botanichniy Zhournal (Kiiv) 17(2): 89-94 (In Ukrainian, Russian and English summ.). Vodenicharov D. & Vodenicharov M. 2000. Biodiversity of fresh water algae in the Rila National Park. - In: Sakalian M. (ed.), Biological Diversity of the Rila National Park, Pensoft, 137-148. Vodenicharov D., Draganov S. & Temnsikova D. 1971. Flora of Bulgaria. Algae. Sofia, Narodna Prosveta, 644 pp. (In Bulgarian). Vodenicharov D., Kiriakov I. & Russeva J. 1974. Composition and dynamics of the phytoplankton in the ponds with polycultural rearing of carp and mineral fertilization. - Izvestiya na Tsentura za Naouchnoizsledovatelska Razvoyna i Razvoyna i Proektantska Deynost po Ribno Stopanstvo, Filial po Promishleno Ribovudstvo - Plovdiv 10: 17-34 (In Bulgarian). Vodenischarov D. G. & Benderliev K. M. 1971. Trochiscia stellata sp. nov. (Chlorococcales). - Vish Pedagogicheski Institout - Plovdiv, Natura - Botanika 4 (1): 111-114. Vodenitscharow D. 1964. Beitrag zur Algenflora Bulgariens. V - Naouchni Troudove Vish Pedagogicheski Institout "P. Hilendarski" - Plovdiv 11 (2): 75-79 (In Bulgarian, Russian and German summ.). Wodenicaroff D. [1957/1958] 1958. Materialien zur Algenflora im Becken des Iskerflusses. - Ann. Univ. Sof. 51 (1): 113-123 (In Bulgarian, Russian and German summ.). Wodenicaroff D. [1957/1958] 1959/1960. Beitrag zur Erforschung der Wasser- und Algenflora und Vegetation auf dem Ljulingebirge. - Ann. Univ. Sof. 51 (1): 61-82 (In Bulgarian, Russian and German summ.). Wodenicarov D. G. & Kabassanova M. S. 1970. Biometrische Untersuchungen über die Naturalpopulationen von Jochalgen der Fam. Desmidiaceae. - Izvestiya na Botanicheskiya Institout - BAN (Sofia) 20: 205-217 (In Bulgarian, Russian and German summ.). Wodenitscharov. D. 1961. Oedogoniumparvulum sp. nov. - Feddes Repertorium (Berlin) 64 (1): 82-85 Wodenicarov D. [1958/1959] 1960a. Beitrag zur Algenflora Bulgariens. III. - Ann. Univ. Sof. 52 (1): 137-151 (In Bulgarian, Russian and German summ.). Wodenitscharov D. [1958/1959] 1960b. Über die Systematik und Verbreitung von drei seltenen Cyanophyceen. - Ann. Univ. Sof. 52 (1): 105-129 (In Bulgarian, Russian and German summ.). Wodenitscharov D. 1962. Hydrobotanische Untersuchungen über das Urdino-Kar (N-W Rila-Gebirge). - Ann. Univ. Sof. 54-55 (1): 139-211 (In Bulgarian, German summ.). Wodenitscharov D. 1964. Beitrag zur Algenflora Bulgariens. V. - Naouchni Troudove Vish Pedagogicheski Institout “P. Hilendarski“ - Plovdiv 2 (2): 75-79. Wojtal A., Ognjanova-Rumenova N., Wetzel C. E., Hinz F., Piatek J., Kapetanovi T. & Buczko K. 2014. Diversity of the genus Genkalia in high altitude lakes - taxonomy, distribution and ecology. - Fottea 14 (2): 225-239.
Авторски права (c) 2025 Майя П. Стойнева-Гертнер, Цветелина Ишева, Пламен Иванов, Благой А. Узунов, Петя Димитрова https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Calothrix confervicola Agardh ex Bornet et Flahault (Cyanoprokaryota) - a new possible causative agent of seeweed dermatitis?
The present paper is intended to serve as alarm in order to sharpen the attention of scientists to the benthic heterocytous cyanoprokaryote Calothrix confervicola, which seems to be the most probable potential causative agent for a human skin irritation (seewed dermatitis, or swimmer’s itch), detected recently in one site on the southern Black Sea coast of Bulgaria. References: Abarzua S., Jakubowski S., Eckert S. & Fuchs P. 1999. Biotechnological investigation for the prevention of marine biofouling II. Blue-green algae as potential producers of biogenic agents for the growth inhibition of microfouling organisms. - Botanica Mar. 42: 459-465. Agrawal M., Yadav S., Patel C., Raipuria N. & Agrawal M. K. 2012. Bioassay methods to identify the presence of cyanotoxins in drinking water supplies and their removal strategies. - Eur. J. Experim. Biol. 2 (2): 321-336. Aimi N., Odaka H., Sakai S., Fujiki H., Suganuma M., Moore R. E. & Patterson G. M. L. 1990. Lyngbyatoxins B and C, two new irritants from Lyngbya majuscula. - J. Nat. Prod. 53 (6): 1593-1596. Al-Araajy M. J. & Sultan E. Y. A. 2008. Isolation and purification of Hepatotoxin (Microcystin LR) from some blue-green algae of sewage waters of Basrah. - Marsh Bulletin 3 (1): 1-16. Becher P. G. & Jüettner F. 2006. Insecticidal activity - a new bioactive property of the cyanobacterium Fischerella. - Pol. J. Ecol. 54 (4): 653-662. Becher P. G., Baumann H. I., Gademann K. & Jüettner F. 2009. The cyanobacterial alkanoid nostocarboline: an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and trysin. - J. Appl. Phycol. 21: 103-110. Berry J. P., Gantar M., Perez M. H., Berry G. & Noriega F. G. 2008. Cyanobacterial toxins as allelochemicals with potential applications as algaecides, herbicides and insecticides. - Mar. Drugs 6: 117-146. Burja A. M., Banaigs B., Abou-Mansour E., Grant Burgess J., Wright P. C. 2001. Marine cyanobacteria - a prolific source of natural products. - Tetrahedron 57: 9347-9377. Cardellina J. H., Marner F. J. & Moore R. E. 1979. Seaweed dermatitis: structure of lyngbyatoxin A. - Science 204 (4389): 193-195. Carmichael W. W. 1994. The toxins of cyanobacteria. - Sci. Am. 270: 64-72. Carmichael W. W. 2001. Health effects of toxin producing cyanobacteria: the cyanoHABs. - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 7: 1393-1407. Carmichael W. W., Azevedo S. M. F. O., An J., Molica R. J. R., Jochimsen E. M., Lau S., Rinehart K. L., Shaw G. R. & Eaglesham G. K. 2001. Human fatalities from cyanobacteria: chemical and biological evidence for cyanotoxins. - Environm. Health Persp. 109: 663-668. Carvalho L. R., Costa-Neves A., Conserva G. A. A., Brunetti R. L., Hentschke G. S., Malone C. F. S., Torres L. M. B., Sant’Anna C. L. & Rangel M. 2013. Biologically active compounds from cyanobacteria extracts: in vivo and in vitro aspects. - Rev. Brasil. Farm. 23 (3): 471-480. Chorus I. & Bartram J. (eds) 1999. Toxic cyanobacteria in water. A guide to their public health consequences, monitoring and management. WHO, Publ. E & FN Spon, London, 416 pp. Codd G. A. 1994. Cyanobacterial (blue-green algal) toxins in marine and estuarine waters. - Scott. Assoc. Mar. Sci. Newslett. 9: 7. Codd G. A. 1995. Cyanobacterial toxins: occurrence, properties and biological significance. - Water Sci. Technol. 32: 149-156. Codd G. A., Bell S. G., Kaya K., Ward C. J., Beattie K. A. & Metcalf J. S. 1999. Cyanobacterial toxins, exposure routes and human health. - Eur. J. Phycol. 34: 405-415. Codd G. A., Morrison L. F. M. & Metcalf J. S. 2005. Cyanobacterial toxins: risk management for health protection. - Toxicol. Appl. Pharm. 203: 264-272. Doan N. T., Rickards R. W., Rothschild J. M., Smith G. D. 2000. Allelopathic actions of the alkaloids 12-epi-hapalindole E isonotrile and calothrixin A from cyanobacteria of the genera Fischerella and Calothrix. - J. Appl. Phycol. 12: 409-416. Doan N. T., Stewart P. R. & Smith G. D. 2001. Inhibition of bacterial RNA polymerase by the cyanobacterial metabolites 12-epi-hapalindole E isonotrile and calothrixin A. - FEMS Microbiology Letters 196: 135-139. Edwards D. J. & Gerwick W. H. 2004. Lyngbyatoxin biosynthesis: sequence of biosynthetic gene cluster and identification of a novel aromatic prenyltransferase. - J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 (37): 11432-11433. Engene N., Rottacker E. C., Kastovsky J., Byrum T., Choi H., Ellisman M. H., Komârek J. & Gerwick W. H. 2012. Mooreaproducens gen. nov., sp. nov. and Moorea bouillonii comb. nov., tropical marine cyanobacteria rich in bioactive secondary metabolites. - Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 62: 1171-1178. Flores E. & Wolk C. P. 1986. Production, by filamentous, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, of a bacteriocin and of other antibiotics that kill related strains. - Arch. Microbiol. 145: 215-219. Fujiki H., Mori M., Nakayasu M., Terada M., Sugimura T. & Moore R. E. 1981. Indole alkaloids: dihydroteleocidin B, teleocidin, and lyngbyatoxin A as members of a new class of tumor promoters. - Proceed. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 78 (6): 3872-3876. Ito E., Satake M. & Yasumoto T. 2002. Pathological effects of lyngbyatoxin A upon mice. - Toxicon 40 (5): 551-556. Funari E. & Testai E. 2008. Human health risk assessment related to cyanotoxins exposure. - Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 38 (2): 97-125. Hrouzek P., Kopecky J., Salât J., Marsâlek B. & Lukesovâ A. 2005. Cytotoxic effect of soil cyanobacterial extracts to mammal cell lines YAC-1 and WEHI. - Czech Phycology 5: 79-90. Jiang W., Zhou W., Uchida H., Kikumori M., Irie K., Watanabe R., Suzuki T., Sakamoto B., Kamio M. & Nagai H. 2014. A new Lyngbyatoxin from the Hawaiian cyanobacterium Mooreaproducens. - Marine Drugs 12: 2748-2759. Jukovic M. F., Svircеv Z., Baltic V. V., Stojanovic D. B., Mihajlovic A. I. & Baltic M. V. 2008. Cyanotoxins - new health risk factor in Serbia. - Arch. Oncol. 16 (3-4): 55-8. Komârek J. 2014. Cyanoprokaryota. 3rd Pert: Heterocytous genera. - In: Büdel B., Krienitz L., Gärtner G. & Schagerl M. (eds.), Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa, 19 (3), Elsevier, Spektrum Akad. Verl., Heidelberg, 1130 pp. Kozikowski A. P., Shum P. W., Basu A. & Lazo J. S. 1991. Synthesis of structural analogues of lyngbyatoxin A and their evaluation as activators of protein kinase C. - J. Med. Chem. 34 (8): 2420-30. Matern U., Oberer L., Falchetto R. A., Erhard M., König G. W. A., Herdman M. & Weckesser J. 2001. Scyptolin A and B, cyclic depsipeptides from axenic cultures of Scytonema hofmanii PCC 7110. - Phytochem. 58: 1087-1095. Manganelli M., Scardala S., Stefanelli M., Palazzo F., Funari E., Vichi S., Buratti F. M. & Testai E. 2012. Emerging health issues of cyanobacterial blooms. - Ann. Ist. Super Sanità 48 (4): 415-428. Marsâlek B., Blâha L. & Hindâk F. 2000. Review of toxicity of cyanobacteria in Slovakia. - Biologia 55 (6): 645-652. Meriluoto J. & Codd G. A. (eds.) 2005. TOXIC: Cyanobacterial Monitoring and Cyanotoxin Analysis. Abo Akademi University Press, Turku, 149 pp. Mohamed Z. A. 2008. Toxic cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in public hot springs in Saudi Arabia. - Toxicon 51: 17-27. Mohamed Z. A., El-Sharouny H. M. & Ali W. S. M. 2006. Microcystin production in benthic mats of cyanobacteria in the Nile River and irrigation canals. - Egypt. Toxicon 47: 584-590. Moon S. S., Chen J. L., Moore R. E. & Patterson G. M. L. 1992. Calophycin, a fungicidal cyclic decapeptide from the terrestrial blue-green algae Calothrix fusca. - J. Org. Chem. 57: 1097-1103. Osborne N. J. T., Webb P. M. & Shaw G. R. 2001. The toxins of Lyngbya majuscula and their human and ecological health effects. - Environ. Internat. 27 (5): 381-392. Pantelic D., Svircеv Z., Simeunovic J., Vidovic M. & Trajkovic I. 2013. Cyanotoxins: Characteristics production and degradation routes in drinking water treatment with reference to the situation in Serbia. - Chemosphere 91 (4): 421-441. Pavlova V. 2007. Hygiene and Analytical Aspects of Microcystins Occurrence in Surface Water. PhD Thesis, National Center of Public Health Protection, Sofia, 215 pp. Pavlova V. & Bratanova Z. 2005. Cyanotoxins in waters. - In: Conference preprint Book, First International Conference with Technical Exhibition on Water Resources, Technologies and Services, BULAQUA 2005, 135-138 (In Bulgarian, Engl. summ.) Pavlova V., Babica P., Todorova D., Bratanova Z. & Marsalek B. 2006. Contamination of some reservoirs and lakes in Republic of Bulgaria by microcystins. - Acta hydrochim. hydrobiol. 34: 437-441. Pavlova V., Stoyneva M., Babica P., Kohoutek J. & Bratanova Z. 2007. Microcystins contamination and cyanoprokaryote blooms in some coastal Bulgarian wetlands. - In: Conference Preprint Book, BULAQUA 2007, Second International Conference and Exhibition of Water Resources, Technologies and Services, Sofia, June 2007, 221-226 (with Bulgarian summary). Pavlova V., Stoyneva M. & Bratanova Z. 2013. Cyanoprokaryotes (Cyanobacteria) and cyanotoxins in some Bulgarian reservoirs. - J. Balkan Ecol. 16 (3): 257-260. Pavlova V., Stoyneva M., Georgieva V., Donchev D., Spoof L., Meriluoto J., Bratanova Z. & Karadjova I. 2014. New records of microcystins in some Bulgarian water bodies of health and conservational importance. - J. Water Res. Protect. 6: 446-453. Quiblier C., Wood S., Echenique-Subiabre I., Heath M., Villeneuve A. & Humbert J.-F. 2013. A review of current knowledge on toxic benthic freshwater cyanobacteria: ecology, toxin production and risk management. - Water Research 47: 5464-5479. Rickards R. W., Rothschild J. M., Willis A. C., de Chazal N. M., Kirk J., Saliba K. J. & Smith G. D. 1999. Calothrixins A and B, novel pentacyclic metabolites from Calothrix cyanobacteria with potent activity against malaria parasites and human cancer cells. - Tetrahedron 55: 13513-13520. Schlegel I., Doan N. T., de Chazal N. & Smith G. D. 1999. Antibiotic activity of new cyanobacterial isolates from Australia and Asia against green algae and cyanobacteria. - J. Appl. Phycol. 10, 471-479. Sellner K. G. 1997. Physiology, ecology and toxic properties of marine cyanobacteria blooms. - Limnol. Oceanogr. 42 (5): 1089-1104. Svircev Z., Simeunovic J., Subakov-Simic G., Krstic S., Pantelic D. and Dulic T. 2013. Cyanobacterial blooms and their toxicity in Vojvodina Lakes, Serbia. - Int. J. Environ. Res. 7 (3): 745-758. Teneva I., Dzhambazov B., Koleva L., Mladenov R. & Schirmer K. 2005. Toxic potential of five freshwater Phormidium species (Cyanoprokaryota). - Toxicon 45 (6): 711-725. Teneva I., Belkinova D., Dimitrova-Dyulgerova I., Vlaknova M. & Mladenov R. 2010. Composition and toxic potential of Cyanoprokaryota in Vacha Dam (Bulgaria). - Biotechnol. & Biotechnol. Eq. 24/2010/SE, Second Balkan Conference on Biology, Special Edition/On-line 50 years University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv: 26-32. Teneva I., Stoyanov P., Mladenov R. & Dzhambazov B. 2013. In vitro and in vivo toxicity evaluation of the freshwater cyanobacterium Heteroleiblenia kuetzingii. - Centr. Eur. J. of Biol. 12: 1216-1229. Tuet L. T. A. 2010. Chemical and Biological Investigations of Vietnamese Cyanobacteria. PhD Thesis, Math.-Naturwiss. Fak. Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, 198 pp. Vasconcelos V. M. 1994. Toxic cyanobacteria in Portuguese fresh waters. - Arch. Hydrobiol. 130: 439-451. Vincent W. F. 2009. Cyanobacteria. - In: Protists, bacteria and fungi. Elsevier Inc., 226-232. www.cen.ulaval.ca/warwickvincent/PDF files/228.pdf Wendy Guiry in Guiry M. D. & Guiry G. M. 2014. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org; searched on 04 October 2014. Wynne M. J. 2013. Proposal to conserve the name Moorea Engene & al. (Cyanophyceae). - Taxon 62 (4): 830.
Авторски права (c) 2025 Майя Стойнева, Христо П. Добрев, Пламен Ст. Пиларски https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Trends in e-learning - technological and pedagogical solutions
This report presents the trends for the future development of e-learning and an overview of the Round Table on Trends in e-learning - technological and pedagogical solutions are outlined, held within the framework of the Youth Scientific Conference Kliment’s days 2017, 16-17 November 2017, Sofia, Bulgaria at the Faculty of Biology of Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”. The main objectives and guidelines for discussion of the organized event are outlined. Key conclusions and summaries are presented regarding future trends and perspectives in the implementation of e-learning. References: Asenova A., Yotovska K. 2014a. Educational framework for mobile learning course design. - In: Proceedings of the XIIth International Conference Challenges in Higher Education and Research in the 21st Century, Sozopol, 3-6 June, 2014, 45-52. Asenova A. & Yotovska K. 2014b. From Traditional to Distance Practice-Oriented University Course in Professional Training for Pre-service Biology Teachers. - African Educational Research Journal, 2 (3): 116-122. Yotovska K. & Asenova A. 2016. European policy in the field of technology integration in higher education. - In: Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference E-learning in Higher Education, 2-5 June 2016, Kiten, Bulgaria, 57-86 (In Bulgarian).
strategies for effective application of ICT
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The effect of the Eminium regelii extract on cellular immunity
The article presents the results of a study on the effects of the wild medicinal plant Eminium regeln Vved. extract to the body of intact and subjected to emotional stress animals on the background of a long-term low dose of gamma-radiation. The reaction of the animal organism to the effects of radiation, emotional stress and the introduction of the E. regeln extract were evaluated by the total content of leukocytes, absolute and relative content of lymphocytes (including CD3+, CD4+, CD8+), immunoregulatory index (IRI) and leukocyte migration inhibition reaction (LMIR). The experiments were performed on adult mongrel white rats of both sexes. At the early stage of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) the injection of E. regeln extract caused a decrease in the total number of lymphocytes, an increase in the number ofCD4+ lymphocytes and leukocytes lymphokinproduction abilities. Late stage of GAS was indicated by increased CD3+ and CD4+ lymphocytes, and increased values of the immunoregulatory index. References: Artemova A. G. 1973. The phenomenon of inhibition of white blood cells in guinea pigs with delayed-type hypersensitivity to the foreign tissue agent. - Bjulleten' jeksperimental'noj biologii meditsiny 76 (10): 67-71 (In Russian). Buldakov L. A. & Kalistratova V. S. 2005. Radiation effects on the body - the positive effects. Moskva: Inform-Atom. ISBN: 5-89107-042-1 (In Russian). Cho K., Jwa M.-S., Moon H.-Na, Hur S.-P., Kim D. & Yeo I.-K. 2016. Hormetic effect of 60Co gamma radiation on tolerance to salinity and temperature stress in Haliotis discus discus. - Aquaculture 451: 473-479. El-Halim A., Kassem M. A. & Mohamed S. S. M. 2015. Impacts on the third line of defense specialized against microbial infection as a result of exposure to gamma-radiation. - Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 28 (5): 1839-1843. Gapeyev A. B., Aripovsky A. V. & Kulagina T. P. 2015. Modifying effects of low-intensity extremely high-frequency electromagnetic radiation on content and composition of fatty acids in thymus of mice exposed to X-rays. - Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 91 (3): 277-285. Garib F. Yu., Garib V. Yu. & Rizopulu A. P. 1995. A method for determining a subpopulation of lymphocytes. Patent of the Republic of Uzbekistan 1111 №2426 Riz (In Russian). Hekim N., Cetin Z., Nkitaki Z., Cort A. & Saygili E. I. 2015. Radiation triggering immune response and inflammation. - Cancer Lett. 368 (2): 156-163. Islamian J. P. & Mehrali H. 2015. Lycopene as a carotenoid provides radioprotectant and antioxidant effects by quenching radiation-induced free radicals singlet oxygen: an overview. - Cell J. 16 (4): 386-391. Ivanov A. A., Dorozhkina O. V., Lyakhova K. N. & Bulynin T. M. 2015. Early radiobiological effects in mice after y-irradiation in small doses. - Aviakosmicheskaya ekologicheskaya meditsina 49 (3): 12-18 (In Russian). Luan Y. C., Shieh M. C., Chen S. T., Kung H. T., Soong K. L., Yeh Y. C., Chou T. S., Fang W. C., Yao S. L., Pong C. J., Mong S. H., Wu J. T., Wu J. M., Jeh H. J., Cher W. L., Deng W. P., Wu M. F., Shen M. L. & Sun C. P. 2006. Re-examining the health effects of radiation and its protection. - Int. J. Low Radiat. 3 (1): 27-44. doi: 10.1504/ijlr.2006.010006 Luckey T. D. 2007. Radiation prevents much cancer. - Int. J. Low Radiat. 4: 336-344. Minana E., Roldan M., Chivato T., Martinez T. & Fuente T. 2015. Quantification of the chromosomal radiation damage induced by labelling of leukocytes with [18F] FDG. - Nucl. Med. Biol. 42 (9): 720-723. Monfared A. S., Jatali F., Sedaghat S., Mansoorizade E., Jarrahi A., Harahmadi M. & Samavat H. 2006. High natural background radiation areas in Ramsar, Iran: can inhabitants feel safe? - Int. J. Low Radiat. 3 (2/3): 171-177. Montsevichyute-Eringene E. V. 1961. Simplified mathematical and statistical methods in medical research. - Patologicheskaja fiziologija jeksperimen tal'naja terapija 1: 71-76 (In Russian). Nair R. R., Rajan B., Akiba S., Jayalekshmi P., Nair M. K., Gangadharan P., Koga T., Morishima H., Nakamura S. & Sugahara T. 2009. Background radiation and cancer incidence in Kerala, India-Karanagappally cohort study. - Health Phys. 96 (1): 55-66. Nomura T., Sakai K., Ogata H. & Magae J. 2013. Prolongation of life span in the accelerated aging klotho mouse model, by low-dose-rate continuous irradiation. - Radiat. Res. 179 (6): 717-724. Oujifard A., Amiri R., Shahhosseini G., Davoodi R. & Moghaddam J. A. 2015. Effect of gamma radiation on the growth, survival, hematology and histological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae. - Aquat. Toxicol. 165: 259-265. Silybayeva B. M., Tazabayeva K. A. & Zharykbasova K. S. 2014. Biological specifics and chemical composition of medicinal plant Eminhim regeln Vved. - Global J. Pharmacol. 8 (3): 432-436. http://www.idosi.org/gjp/8(3)14/19.pdf Vivek Kumar P. R., Seshadri M., Jaikrishan G. & Das B. 2015. Effect of chronic low dose natural radiation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: Evaluation of DNA damage and repair using the alkaline comet assay. - Mutat Res. 775: 59-65. Zhetpisbayev B. A., Nurmuhambetov Zh. N. & Shabdarbayeva D. M. 1999. Method for reproducing a stress state in small laboratory animals. Patent of the Republic of Kazakhstan A.C. №2590 (In Russian). Zharykbasova K. S., Tazabayeva K. A., Shaken T. E. & Chulenbayeva L. E. 2015. The inhibitory effect of some plant components on the growth of cancer HCT-15 cells. - Vestnik gosudarstvennogo universiteta imeni Shakarima goroda Semej 4 (72): 188-192 (In Russian).
Авторски права (c) 2025 Ainur Kydyrmoldina, Bekbolat Zhetpisbayev, Klara Zharykbasova, Kulyash Tazabayeva, Batiyash Silybaeva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A new method for assessment of the red lIst threat status of microalgae
Although the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria is a widely internationally used system for classifying species at high risk of extinction, the micro-organisms are still practically excluded from the appropriately enlisted taxa. The present paper provides a method, which gives means to assess microalgae threat status much more objectively than it was possible before and in this way to achieve quite high degree of generalization in work with this peculiar group of organisms. The method described below uses the widely accepted standard IUCN Red List system of categories, but proposes their assignment on the basis of a complex application of seven criteria relevant to microalgae and classical data, available for them. These criteria can be interpreted in the same way for all taxonomic groups of algae and for all possible territorial levels (local, national, regional, global). The criteria are denominated with Latin capital letters A-G and each of them has a numerical expression with values (points) ranging between 4 and 1. The final assessment of the threat status is done on the basis of the total amount of points (T), which ranges between 7 and 28. In this way each alga is supplied with a formula (a combination of letters and numbers), which indicates its threat status and in the same time outlines its most critical, “weak spots” on which special attention has to be paid when conservation measureshave to be proposed. As it is exemplified in detail in the paper, the formula could be expressed in a table or in a text format, in full or in a short version, depending on the needs of the relevant studies or proposals (e.g. Anabaena lapponica Borge [VU - A3 B4 C4 D2 E2 F2 G3], or Anabaena lapponica Borge [VU - A3 B4 C4 D2 E2 F2 G3 T20], or Anabaena lapponica Borge [VU - T20]), or Anabaena lapponica Borge [VU]). References: Biserkov V, Gussev Ch ., Popov V., Hibaum G., Roussakova V, Pandurski I., Uzunov Y., Dimitrov M., Tzonev R. & Tsoneva S. (eds) 2015. Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria. Volume 3. Natural Habitats, BAS et MOEW, Sofia, 422 pp. Ellis W. 2008. Conservation of the cryptobiota. - In: Bergmans H., H. de Longh & H. Simons (eds), Forgotten Kingdoms. Proceedings of a seminar on the conservation of small and hidden species at the occasion of the retirement of Wim Bergmans as scientific director of IUCN NL, Publ. CML & IUCN, Amsterdam, 31-44. Environmental Agency , Japan 2000. Threatened Wildlife of Japan, Red Data Book, 2nd Edition. Publ. by Japan Wildlife Reserch Center, Tokyo, xi+123 pp. (In Japanese). Denys L. 2000. Historical distribution of “Red List Diatoms” (Bacillariophyceae) in Flanders (Belgium). - Syst. Geogr. Pl. 70: 409-420. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Re d List Criteria at Regional Levels , Version 4. 2012. http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/reg_guidelines_en.pdf Gutowski A. & Mollenhauer D. 1996. Rote ListederZieralgen (Desmidiales) Deutschlands. - Schriftenreihe Vegetationsk. (Bonn-Bad-Godesberg) 28: 679-708. Hindak F. & Hindakova A. 2001. Red list of cyanophytes/cyanobacteria and algae of Slovakia. 2nd version (December 2001) - In: Balaz D., Marhold , K. & Urban P. (eds), Red List of plants and animals of Slovakia, Ochrona Prirody 20, Suppl.: 14-22. IUCN 2012. The IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. 2012: Version 3.1. Second Edition.Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32 pp. Kondratieva N. V 2003 On the organization of the work for creation of Red List of Ukrainian Algae. - Algologiya 13 (2): 460-475 (In Russian). Komulainen S. F. 2009. Freshwater algae in Red Data Books: Status and problems. - Trudi karelskogo nauouchnogo centra RAN (Petrozavodsk) 1: 57-61 (In Russian). Kusel-Fetzmann E.-L. 1999. Zur Gefährdung der österreichischen Süßwasseralgen. - In: Nikfeld H. (ed.), Rote Listen gefährdeter Pflanzen Österreichs, Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Jugend und Familie. Verlag Austria Medien Service GmbH, Graz, 267-275. Lange-Bertalot H. & Steindorf A. 1996. Rote Liste der limnischen Kieselalgen (Bacillariophyceae) Deutschlands. - Schriftenreihe Vegetationsk. (Bonn-Bad- Godesberg) 28: 633-677. Lenzenweger R. 1999. Rote Liste gefährdeter Zieralgen (Desmidiales) Österreichs. - In: Ni k f e l d H. (ed.), Rote Listen gefährdeter Pflanzen Österreichs, Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Jugend und Familie. Verlag Austria medien service GmbH, Graz, 276­-291 Mollenhauer D. & Christensen T. 1996. Rote Liste der Schlauchalgen (Vaucheriaceae) Deutschlands. - Schriftenreihe Vegetationsk. (Bonn-Bad-Godesberg) 28: 625-632. Nemeth J. 2005. Red list of algae in Hungary. - Acta Bot. Hung. 47 (3-4): 379-417. Palamar-Mordvintseva G. M., Tsarenko P. M. & Vasser S. P. 1998. On the creation of Red List of Ukrainian Algae. - Algologiya 8 (4): 341-350 (In Russian). Sieminska J. 1986. Red List of threatened algae in Poland. - In: Zarcyk Z. & Wojewoda W. (eds), Red List of plants and fungi in Poland. Publ. House PAN, Krakow, 29-44 (In Polish). Sieminska J. 1992. Red List of threatened algae in Poland. - In: Zarzycki K., Wojewoda W. & He i n r i c h Z. (eds), List of Threatened Plants in Poland. Polish Academy of Sciences, W. Szafer, Institute of Botany, Crakow, 7-19 (In Polish). Sieminska J. 2006. Red List of the Algae in Poland. - In: Mirek Z., Zarzycki K., Wojewoda W. & Szelag Z. (eds), Red List of plants and fungi in Poland. Publ. House PAN, Krakow, 37-52. Stoyneva-Gäertner M. P., Isheva T., Ivanov P., Uzunov B. A. & Dimitrova P. Red List of Bulgarian algae. II. Microalgae. - Ann. Univ. Sof. 100 (2), this volume. Watanabe M. M. 2005. Cultures as a means for protecting biological resources: ex situ conservation of threatened algal species. - In: Andersen R. A. (ed.), Algal culturing techniques, Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam, 419-428.
Авторски права (c) 2025 Майя П. Стойнева-Гертнер, Пламен Иванов, Ралица Зидарова, Цветелина Ишева, Благой А. Узунов https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Antioxidant potential of Bulgarian yarrow and thyme
Phenols (sometimes called phenolics) are synthesized by plants for their general defense and particularly in response to antioxidative stress. These biologically active compounds are well known to have beneficial effects on human health. The aim of the present study was to apply a fast in vitro approach to compare the antioxidant potential of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) that were freshly collected from their natural habitat in the Rodopi Mts with some randomly selected herbs for infusion from traders in Sofia region. Ethanol extracts from yarrow and thyme plants were compared with an extract from the Chinese white tea {Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) used for infusion and known for its high phenolic content with antioxidant effect. The total quantity of phenols in both studied herbs varied in a close range but was 5-8 times lower than this in the white tea. The average antioxidant activity in thyme was slightly higher than in yarrow but was nearly four times lower in comparison to their activity in the white tea. Slight variations between the herbs from the Rodopi Mts and Sofia were found in the phenolic content of yarrow and thyme, and in the antioxidant activity of thyme. Significant positive correlation between the content of phenolic and antioxidant activity was observed in white tea and thyme, but not in yarrow but our in vitro approach would need to be confirmed by further in vivo analyses. Our results show that the genotype, habitat and storage conditions could influence the plant antioxidant potential and that it is likely that the Bulgarian herbs contain additional classes of metabolites which determine distinct biological activities. References: Badarinath A. V., Mallikarjuna R. K., Madhu Sudhana Chetty C., Ramakanth S., Rajan T. V. S. & Gnanaprakash K. 2010. A review on in-vitro antioxidant methods: comparisons, correlations and considerations. - International Journal of PharmTech Research (2): 1276-1285. Benetis R., Radusiene J. & Janulis V. 2008. Variability of phenolic compounds in flowers of Achillea millefolium wild populations in Lithuania. - Medicina (Kaunas) 44(10): 775-781. Boudet A. 2007. Evolution and current status of research in phenolic compounds. - Phytochemistry 68 (22-24): 2722-2735. Boutaoui N., Zaiter L., Benayache F., Benayache S., Carradori S., Cesa S., Giusti A. M., Campestre C., Menghini L., Innosa D. & Locatelli M. 2018. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of different extracts from Thymus cdgeriensis Aerial Parts. - Molecules 23 (2): pii: E463. Dzialo M., Mierzlak J., Korzun U., Preisner M., Szopa J. & Kulma A. 2016. The potential of plant phenolics in prevention and therapy of skin disorders. - International Journal of Molecular Science 17 (2): 160. Evstatieva L., Hardalova R. & Stoyanova K . 2007. Medicinal plants in Bulgaria: diversity, legislation, conservation and trade. - Phytologia Balcanica 13 (3): 415-427. Fiehn O. 2002. Metabolomics-the link between genotypes and phenotypes. - Plant Molecular Biology 48 (1-2): 155-171. Gupta V. & Sharma S. 2006. Plants as natural antioxidants. - Natural Product Radiance 5 (4): 326-334. Jaric S., Macukanovic -Jocic M., Djurdjevic L., Mitrovic M., Kostic O., Karadzic B. & Pavlovic P. 2015. An ethnobotanical survey of traditionally used plants on Suva planina mountain (south-eastern Serbia). - Journal of Ethnopharmacology 175: 93-108. Kapchina -Toteva V., Dimitrova M. A., Steeanova M., Koleva D., Kostov K., Yordanova Zh. P., Stefanov D. & Zhiponova M. K. 2014. Adaptive changes in photosynthetic performance and secondary metabolites during white dead nettle micropropagation. - Journal of Plant Physiology 171 (15): 1344-1353. Kratchanova M., Denev P., Ciz M., Lojek A. & Mihailova. 2010. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of medicinal plants containing polyphenol compounds. Comparison of two extraction systems. - Acta Biochimica Polonica 57 (2): 229-34. Kraujalis P., Venskutonis P. R. & Ragazinskiene O. 2011. Antioxidant activities and phenolic composition of extracts from Nepetci plant species. - In: Proceedings 6th Baltic Conference on Food Science and Technology Innovations for Food Science and Production - FOODBALT 2011, Jelgava, Latvia, 79-83. Mekinic I. G., Skroza D., Ljubenkov I., Krstulovic L., Mozina S. S. & Katalinic V. 2014. Phenolic acids profile, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of chamomile, common yarrow and immortelle (Asteraceae). - Natural Product Communications 9 (12): 1745-1748. Mithofer A. & Boland W. 2012. Plant defence against herbivores: chemical aspects. - Annual Review of Plant Biology 63: 431-450. Pandey K. B. & Rizvi S. I. 2009. Plant polyphenols as dietary antioxidants in human health and disease. - Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2 (5): 270-278. Pereira O. R., Macias R. I. R., Perez M . J., Marinc J. J. G. & Cardoso S. M . 2013. Protective effects of phenolic constituents from Cytisus multiflonis, Lamium album L. and Thymus citriodoms on liver cells. - Journal of Functional Foods 5 (3): 1170-1179. Prieto P., Pineda M. & Aguilar M. 1999. Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex: Specific application to the determination of vitamin E l. - Analytical Biochemistry 269 (2): 337-341. Rogova M. A., Dragolova D. T., Dimitrova M . A., Yordanova Zh. P., Mantoyska D., Zhiponova M. & Kapchina-Toteva V. M. 2015. Micropropagation and ex situ conservation of Achillea thracica Velen. - Science & Technologies 5(1), Medicine: 38-41. Sengul M., Yildiz H., Gungor N., Cetin B., Eser Z. & Ercisli S. 2009. Total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of some medicinal plants. - Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 22 (1): 102-106. Setchell K. D., Faughnan M. S., Ayades T., Zimmer Nechemias L., Brown N. M., Wolfe B. E., Brashear W. T., Desai P., Oldfield M. F. & Botting N. P. 2003 Comparing the pharmacokinetics of daidzein and geniste in with the use of 13 C-labeled tracers in premenopausal women . - The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 77 (2): 411-419. Shannon E., Jaiswal A . K. & Abu-Ghannam N. 2018. Polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity of white, green, black, and herbal teas: a kinetic study. - Food Research 2 (1): 1-11. Singleton V. L., Orthofer R. & Lamuela-Raventos R.M. 1999. Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. - Methods in Enzymology 299: 152-178. Thring S. A. T., Hili P. & Naughton D. P. 2009. Anti-collagenase, anti-elastase and anti-oxidant activities of extracts from 21 plants. - BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 9: 27. Todorova M., Vogler B. & Tsankoya E. 2000. Terpenoids from Achillea setacea. -Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 55 (9-10): 840-842. Todorova M. N., Tsankova E. T. & Mustakerova E. I. 2004. Spirodepressolide: an unusual bis-norsesquiterpene lactone from Achillea depressa Janka. - Natural Product Research 18 (5): 461-464. Todorova M., Trendafilova A., Michova B., Vitkova A. & Duddeck H. 2007. Chemotypes in Achillea collina based on sesquiterpene lactone profile. - Phytochemistry 68 (13): 1722-1730. Yordanova Z. P., Rogova M. A., Zhiponova M. K ., Georgiev M. I. & Kapchina-Toteva V. M. 2017. Comparative determination of the essential oil omposition in Bulgarian endemic plant Achillea thracica Velen. during the process of ex situ conservation. - Phytochemistry Letters 20: 456-461.
Авторски права (c) 2025 Нели Г. Георгиева, Ганка Т. Чанева, Мирослава К. Жипонова https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Phytoplankton interactions as main focus of the 18th workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP)
This paper aims to summarize the work, topics and contributions of the 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), which took place in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, from August 27 to September 3, 2017. The Organizing committee was chaired by professors from two Brazilian universities at Natal and Sao Carlos and comprised scientists from Brazil and Argentina. In total, 39 scientific reports (5 plenary lectures, 20 oral presentations and 13 posters), prepared by 152 contributors from 20 countries were presented. The phytoplankton interactions were the main focus of the workshop, introduced in five plenary lectures. Most other presentations also dealt with this topic: they considered interactions among phytoplankters and phytoplankton-zooplankton interactions, but there was also an interest for processes involving mixotrophic organisms, phytoplankton-bacteria interactions, phytoplankton macrophytes interactions, parasitism and trophic webs. The factors influencing the phytoplankton development and diversity in different environments, as a background for phytoplankton interactions and drivers of phytoplankton diversity, were also discussed. Different aspects of the phytoplankton diversity were also presented with special emphasis on biodiversity conservation. Traditionally, methodological support for microscopic plankton counts and size measurements and trait-based approaches were among the side-topics of the workshop. Several future lines of research were suggested on the basis of the meeting summary. References: Abonyi A., Descy J.-P., Lwcon A. M., Leitao M. & Minaudo C. 2017. Increase of cyanobacteria in the River Loire: myth or reality? - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 29. Ali Ger K., Leitao E., Panosso R. & Lürling M. 2017. The facilitation of cyanobacteria blooms by zooplankton via positive species interactions. - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 23. Barbosa L. G. & de Araujo Alves R. M. 2017. The alternative states in Brazilian semiarid lakes: Interactions between Charophyte and phytoplankton. - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 30. Becker V., Menezes R. F. & Costa M. R. A. 2017. Drought favors the dominance of edible phytoplankton in semi-arid man-made lakes. - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 31. Borics G., B-Beres V., Bäcsi L., Lukacs B. A. & Värbirö G. 2017. Limiting similarity and environmental filtering: potential assembly rules for eutrophic lake phytoplankton. - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 28. Cagle S. E., Roelke D. L. & Muhl R. M. W. 2017. Effect of compound disturbance, salinification and invasion of a toxic and mixotrophic alga, on lake plankton communities. - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 11. Calado A. J. 2017. Heterotrophy and mixotrophy in freshwater dinoflagellates: underlying mechanisms and phylogeny. - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 3. Colina M., Crisci E., Lacerot G. & Kruk C. 2017. Temporal dynamics of plankton communities in temperate shallow lakes with different phosphorus concentrations. - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 32. Costa M. R. A., Menezes R. F., Sarmento H., Attayde J. L., Sternberg L. C. L. & Becker V. 2017. Extreme drought enhances mixotrophic organisms in tropical semi-arid reservoirs. - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 12. Crossetti L. O., de Campos Bicudo D., Ferragut C., Faustino S. B. & de Mattos Bicudo C. E. 2017. Phytoplankton species interactions during the invasion process of Ceratium furcoides in a eutrophic tropical shallow reservoir. - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 33. Descy J.-P., Stoyneva M. P., Darchambeau F., Latli A., Lambert T., Bouillon S. & Borges A. V. 2017. Phytoplankton growth and diversity in the Congo River: toward a paradigm shift about phytoplankton development in large tropical rivers? - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 19. de Souza Cardoso L., Faria D. M., de Oliveira Crossetti L. & da Motta Marques D. 2017. Phytoplankton, periphyton and zooplankton interactions in the pelagic and littoral regions of a large subtropical shallow subtropical lake. - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 15. Devercelli M., Metz S., Unrein F., Scarabotti P., Di Pasquale V., Molina F. R., Paggi J. C., Alvarenga P., Mayora G., Chingolani G., Schneider B., Giri F. & Marchese M. 2017. Microbial metacommunity assembly and interaction networks in floodplain lakes. - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 17. Di Pasquale V., Unrein F., Huber M. P., Metz S., Mayora G., Schneider B. & Devercelli M. 2017. Spatial-scales and local factors influencing nanoflagellates assemblage from a floodplain fluvial system. - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 35. Domingues C. D., Andreoni K., Rangel L. M., Kozlowsky-Suzuki B., Marinho M. M., Paranhos R., Cabral A., Sarmento H., de Oliveira e Azevedo S. M. F. & da Silva L. H. S. 2017. Seasonal changes in structure and trophic interactions in the planktonic food web in a eutrophic tropical reservoir. - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 34. Feitosa I. B., Domingues C. D., Sarmento H., Appel E., Rodrigues Bastos W. & Huszar V. L. M. 2017. Carbon partitioning in planktonic communities in an Amazonian floodplain lake: classical chain vs. microbial food web. - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 10. Huber P. & F. Unrein F. 2017. Phylogenetic diversity of freshwater picocyanobacteria. - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 36. Izaguirre I., Porcel S., Saad J. F., O'Farrell I., Marinone M. C. & Lancelotti J. 2017. Phytoplankton and zooplankton structure in lakes of the Patagonian steppe: the influence of the fish introduction. - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 24. Kruk C., Colina M., Lacerot G., Carballo C., Piccini C. & Segura A. M. 2017. A trait-based approach to phytoplankton-zooplankton interactions. - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 7. Menezes M. 2017. Taxonomic updating in mixotrophic phytoflagellates of inland waters: cryptophytes and euglenophytes as case studies. - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 6. Metz S., dos Santos A. L., Castro M., Bigeard E., Zagarese H., Not F., Lara E. & Unrein F. 2017. Diversity of photosynthetic picoeukaryotes from eutrophic shallow lakes. - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 37. Muhl R. M. W., Roelke D. L., Bhattacharya J. & Withrow F. G. 2017. 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Living together: the heterotrophic bacterial community associated to Microcystis spp. blooms. - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 9. Pires D. A., Lerche L. H. M., do Carmo Carvalho M. & Lamparelli M. C. 2017. Presence of Ceratium furcoides in the water quality monitoring program in the state of Sao Paulo and its implications. - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 38. Porcel S., O'Farrell L., Saad J. F. & Izaguirre I. 2017. Phytoplankton assemblages in lakes of the arid Patagonia with relevance for biodiversity conservation. - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 39. Quesado L. B., Souffreau C., De Meester L., Cabral C. R., da Costa Catombe Dantas F., Amado A. M., Caliman A. & Carneiro L. S. 2017. Variability of intraspecific body size variation to functional groups, phytoplankton communities and size distribution along predator gradients in tropical lakes. - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 26. Rangel L. M., Domingues C. D., Guedes I. A., Paiva R. R., Marinho M. M., Azevedo S. M. O. F. & Silva L. H. S. 2017. Ceratium furcoides (Dinophyceae) invasion in a eutrophic tropical reservoir with a history of persistent cyanobacterial blooms. - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 40. Rychtecky P., Znachor P. & Nedoma J. 2017. Seasonal variability and vertical distribution of chytrid parasites in diatom populations in a meso-eutrophic reservoir. - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 41. Sarmento H. 2017. Interaction strength in planktonic systems: What can we learn from latitudinal gradients? - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 4. Selmeczy B. G., Kasprzak P., Abonyi A., Casper P. & Padisák J. 2017. Effect of phytoplankton assemblages on the zooplankton population in Lake Stechlin. - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 13. Song G., Xia C. & Bi Y. 2017. Crucial role of NO3-N concentration in shift between non-nitrogen-fixing and nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria community in Xiaojiang River. - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 21. Unrein F. & Gerea M. 2017. Bacterivory by mixotrophic phytoflagellates. - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 5. Wilk-Wozniak E., Kosiba J., Krzton W., Walusiak E. & Chmura D. 2017. 3xC! Competition, Cooperation or Coexistence - do we understand trophic networks in plankton of small and shallow reservoirs? - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 16. Znachor P., Nedoma J., Rychtecky P., Hejzlar J., Geris R. & Kosour D. 2017. Effects of weather and resource limitation on the outcome of competition between diatoms and cyanobacteria in man-made reservoirs. - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 20. Zohary T. 2017. PlanktoMetrix: an image analysis system to support microscope plankton counts and size measurements. - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 22. Zohary T., Obertegger U., Alster A. & Hadas O. 2017. Invasive Mougeotia from Lake Kinneret: a versatile filamentous alga. - In: Abstract Book, 18th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, August 27 - September 3, 2017, p. 42. Zutinic P., Orlic S., Pjevac P., Plenkovic-Moraj A., Kralj Borojevic K., Ljubesic Z., Bosak S., Simltnovic M., Stankovic I., Stevic F., Spoljaric Maronic D., Pfeiffer T. Z., Goreta G., Borics G., Värbirö G., Vucic A., Ternjej I. & Udovic M. G. 2017. 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Авторски права (c) 2025 Jean-Pierre Descy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Report on the International meeting Payment for ecosystem services - forest for water (COST Action 15206 PESFOR-W), Albena, Bulgaria
The paper reports on the meeting of the Payment for Ecosystem Services Cost Action/18.10.2016-17.10.2020 (CA 15206 PESFOR-Water), which took place from 25th to 27th September, 2018 in the Congress Center of the Flamingo Grand Hotel, Albena, Bulgaria. The meeting was related to the European scientific program COST (European Co-operation in Science & Technology). COST Action PESFOR-W includes representatives of 39 countries. References: Anonymous 2004. Management Plan of the Managed Reserve Baltata (Ord. No RD-1126/29.10.2004) Ivanov P., Sterev P., Kontev H., Panayotov I., Mihov M., Georgov D., Petrov P., Genchev D., Mitranov L., Todorov I., Subev G., Iliev I., Nankov N., Nankova M., Tonev T. & Stoyanova M. 1995. Influence of the protection belts in Dobrudzha on the yield and quality of the bean. - Zhivotnovudni Nauki 32 (5): 22-26 (In Bulgarian). Michev T. M. & M. P. Stoyneva (Eds) 2007. Inventory of Bulgarian Wetlands and their Biodiversity. Part 1: Non-Lotic Wetlands. Publ. House Elsi-M, Sofia, 364 pp. + CD. Petrov Y., Petkov P., Rosnev B. & Kirilova M. 2002. Condition and pathological problems in the field forest protection belts in the region of Northeastern Bulgaria. - Nauki za Gorata 3/4: 1-16 (In Bulgarian). Tonev T. K. & Iliev I. L. 2005. Distribution of the snow cover and the yield of wheat and maize grain in a sheltered field. - In: Selection and Agrotechnics of Field Cultures, Part II, Balkan Scientific Conference - 2 June 2005, Kamobat, 380-384 (In Bulgarian). Tonev T., Milev G., Iliev I. & Yankov P. 1996. Problems of grain production in 1996 and recommendations of IPS "Dobrudzha" for their solution. IPS "Dobrudzha", 1-15 (In Bulgarian). Tonev T., Nankova M., Georgiev D., Iliev I., Milev G., Yankov P., Sabev G. & N. Nankov 2002. Strategy for the development of agriculture in Dobrich region since 2002nd. /ed.22.10.2004/ (manuscript, In Bulgarian).
Авторски права (c) 2025 Марияна Любенова, Gregory Valatin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Biodiversity of medicinal plants from the northern Black Sea coastal wetlands
This study aims to supplement the available research data on medicinal plants for the territory of Shabla-Ezeretz Lake Complex Protected Area by carrying out a taxonomic and analysis of the Holistic elements and creating a database of their therapeutic action, usable parts and the groups of diseases they are applicable for. The medicinal plants identified as such in our surveys constitute 113 species of higher plants referring to 46 families and 91 genera. The predominant biological types are herbaceous perennial plants - 69 species or 61 percent. With respect to moisture and humidity as a factor dominant position hold the mesophytes - 49 species (43%). Eurasian geo-elements are prevalent (26 species or 23%), followed by Euro-Mediterranean, cosmopolitans and sub-Mediterranean (14 species or 12%). Among the medicinal plants in the studied wetlands there are 33 species (29%) of conservation significance. The established medicinal plants have a wide variety of more than 3 8 types of healing action. Half of them are used mainly for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, kidney and urinary tract diseases, respiratory diseases, and those with haemostatic action. The species in which the above ground part (herba) is collected dominate over the rest and represent half of the established for the area medicinal plants. References: Asenov I. & Nikolov S. 1988. Pharmacognosy. Medicine and Physical Education, Sofia, 465 pp. (In Bulgarian). Assyov B., Petrova A., Dimitrov D. & Vassiley R. 2006. Conspectus of the Bulgarian vascular flora. Distribution maps and floristic elements. - Bulgarian Bio-diversity Foundation, Sofia, 452 pp. (In Bulgarian). Bern Convention. 1979. Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats. Appendix I. CITES. 1975. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, https://www.cites.org/eng/disc/text.php (last assessed 13.11.2017). Dimitrov D., Filipova-Marinova M. & Ivanov D. 2000. Flora and vegetation in the region of Durankulak Lake. - Proceedings of the National Museum Varna. 30-31 (45-46): 314-332. (In Bulgarian). Georgiev D. (Comp.) 1998. Management Plan of the Durankulak Lake Nature Complex. - Ministry of Environment and Water / Bulgarian-Swiss Biodiversity Conservation Program. Hardalova R., Evstatieva L. & Gusev Ch. 1994. Characteristics of the resource from the wonderfully healing plants in Bulgaria and the provision for sustainable development. In: National strategy behind bio-diversity denomination. 2: 41-72. (In Bulgarian). Ivanov D., Filipova-Marinova M. & Dimitrov D. 2002. Flora and vegetation of nature complex “Kamchia". - Proceedings of the National Museum. Varna. 32-33 (47-48): 314-340. (In Bulgarian). Jordanov D. (Ed.) 1963-1989. Florae Reipublicae Popularis Bulgarica. Aedibus Acad. Sci, Serdicae, Vol. 1-9. (In Bulgarian). Kozhukharov S. (Ed.), Andreev N., Anchev M., Kozhuharov S. Markova M., Peev D. & Petrova A. 1992. Determinant of the vascular plants in Bulgaria. Nauka i Izkustvo, Sofia, 787 pp. (In Bulgarian). Kozhukharov S. (Ed.) 1995. Floraofthe Republic of Bulgaria Prof. M. Drinov Acad. Publ., Sofia, Vol. 10. 428 pp. (In Bulgarian). Law on Biodiversity of the Republic of Bulgaria. Annex. State Gazette number 77. 9 August 2002. State Gazette number 76. 19 September 2017. (In Bulgarian). Lukas G. 1983. List of Rare Threatened and Endemic Plants in Europe. Strasbourg. Council of Europe. Marinova-Filipova M., Ivanov D. & Dimitrov D. 2002. Flora and vegetation in the region of Shabla and Ezerets lakes. - Proceedings of the National Museum Varna. 32-33 (47-48): 341-363. (In Bulgarian). Medicinal Plants Act of the Republic of Bulgaria. Annex. State Gazette number 29, 7 April 2000. 9-29. Last amended in State Gazette number 98. 28 November 2014. (In Bulgarian). Michev T. & Stoyneya M. 2007. Conservation of Bulgarion non-lotic wetlands. - In: Michev T. & Stoyneya M. (Eds), Inventory of Bulgarian Wetlands and their Biodiversity. Sofia, 109-119. Nikolov S. (Ed.) 2006. Specialized encyclopedia of medicinal plants in Bulgaria. Trad, Sofia, 566 pp. (In Bulgarian). Order NoRD-83 from 3 February 2014 for special arrangements of orthecon servation and use of medicinal plants. State Gazette number 14, 18 February 2014. (In Bulgarian). Peev D. (Ed.) 2013. Flora of the Republic of Bulgaria. Prof. M. Drinov Acad. Publ., Sofia, Vol. 11, 523 pp. (In Bulgarian). Peev D. (Ed.-in-Chief) 2013. Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria. Vol. 1 Plants and fungi. http://e-ecodb.bas.bg/rdb/bg/voll/Lycinund=html (Last accessed on 01.08.2013). Petkov V. (Ed.) 1982. Contemporary phytotherapy. Meditsina i Fizkultura, Sofia, 517 pp. (In Bulgarian). Petrova A. & Velcev V. 2006. List of Bulgarian endemic species. - In: Petrova A. (Ed.), Atlas of Bulgarian Endemic Plants. Gea-Libris Ltd., Sofia, 399 pp. Petrova A. & Vladimirov V. (Eds) 2010. Balkan endemics in the Bulgarian flora. - Phytologia Balcanica. Sofia. 16 (2): 293 - 311. Ploetz K. L. 2000. An ethnobotanical study of wild herb use in Bulgaria. Master Thesis. Michigan Technological University, 156 pp. Ploetz K. & Orr B. 2004. Wild herb use in Bulgaria. - Economic Botany 58 (2): 231-241. Ramsar Convention Secretariat. 2010. Wetland CEPA: The Convention's Programme on communication, education, participation and awareness (CEPA ). Ramsar handbooks for the wise use o f wetlands, Ramsar Convention Secretariat, Gland, Switzerland. 2009 -2015; 4th edition, vol. 6. The IUCN Red List of Threatened species. 2014. 3th edition. https://www.iucnre-dlist.org/ (Last accessed on 0 1.08.2013). Tolmacheva. I. 1974. Introduction into plant geography. Publishing House of the Leningrad University. 244 pp. (In Russian). Valtchev Ch. & Iordanova P. 2004. Statistics. Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen Press, Shumen, 153 pp. (In Bulgarian) Velchev V. (Ed.) 1982. Florae Reipublicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdicae, Vol. 8, 518 pp. (In Bulgarian). Velchev V. (Ed.) 1989. Florae Reipublicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdicae, Vol. 9, 539 pp. (In Bulgarian). Zahariev D., Boycheva P. & Kosev K. 2016. Review on the medicinal plants of the north Black Sea coast (Bulgaria). - Annual of Sofia University „St. Kliment Ohridski". Faculty of Biology, Book 2-Botany 99: 100-114.
Авторски права (c) 2025 Добри Иванов, Джени Чернева https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Flora and vegetation of forest natural habitats in Natura 2000 protected area Kamchia (BG0000116) and beach Shkorpilovtsi (BG0000100)
The flora and vegetation in the protected area Kamchia were studied, as part of the European ecological network Natura 2000 within the implementation of the project Mapping and determination o f the environmental status o f natural habitats and species- phase I. Contract Nr. 04-014/05.04.2011. The paper presents data on the flora and vegetation in five types of forest natural habitats with codes 91E0, 91F0, 91G0, 91M0 and 92A0. Totally 222 high plant species were recorded in the studied habitats and seven of them were with conservation status. All obtained data confirmed the high conservation value of the flora and vegetation of the protected area and need for strict measures for its protection. References: Bils M ., Kell S., Maxted N. & Lansdon R. 2011. European Red List of Vascular Plants. http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/RL-4-016.pdf (Last assessed 15.05.2017) Biological Diversity Act (Acton Amendingand Supplementing ) 2007. Decree No 354 accepted by the 40th National Assemblyon 1st November 2007. - State Gazette No 94 /16.11.2007, 2-44 (In Bulgarian). Biserkov V. (Ed.-in-Chief) 2015. Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria. Vol. 3. Natural habitats. BAS & MoEW, Sofia, 422 pp. Braun -Blanque t J. 1964. Pflanzen soziologie. Grundziigeder Vegetationskunde. Springer-Verlag, Wien and New York, 865 pp. CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF EUROPEAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL HABITATS. Appendix I. 1979. http://www.lkp.org.pl/prawo_html/know_bemenska_zl.html(Retrieved on 2.04.2017). CITES 1973. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, https://www.cites.org/eng/disc/text.php (last assessed 24.10.2017) Delipavlov D . & Cheshmedzhiev I. (Eds) 2011. Key to the Plants of Bulgaria. Academic Press, Agrarian University , Plovdiv, 591 pp. (In Bulgarian) Dimitrova S., Grozdanova L ., Stoyneva M . P. & Michev T. M. 2007. Bulgarian hydronyms. - In: Michev T. M . & Stoyneva M . P. (Eds), Inventory of Bulgarian Wetlands and their Biodiversity . P art 1: Non -Lotic Wetlands. Publ. House Elsi-M, Sofia, 68-88. Directive 92/43/EEC. 1992. Council Directive 92/43/EEC on 21 May 1992 on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora. http://eurlex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:31992L0043 (Retrieved on 2.04.2017). Directive 2009/147/EC. 2009. Council Directive 2009/147/EC on the conservation of wild birds, https://www.npws.ie/directive-2009147ec-conservation-wild-birds-codified-version (Retrieved on 12.04.2017). Gillet H , K. Walters (Eds.) 1998. 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. IUCN - The World Conservation Union. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. Lxiv + 862 p. Georgiev D. 2004. Conservation significance and guidelines for conservation and sustainable management of the dense forests along the Kamchia River. - In: Reports from the National Conference Environmentally friendly and sustainable management o f the dense forests, MAF, Sofia, 35-39. Georgiev D. 2008. Guidelines for sustainable management and development of Kamchia dense forests. - Governance and Sustainable Development 1 (19): 107­-113. Ivanov D., Filipova-Marinova M. & Dimitrov D. 2002. The flora and vegetation of Kamchia Nature Complex. - Annual of Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski". Faculty of Biology, Book 2-Botany 92: 39-67 (In Bulgarian). Jordanov D. (Ed.) 1963. Flora Republicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 1. Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdica, 509 pp. (In Bulgarian) Jordanov D. (Ed.) 1964. Flora Republicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 2. Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdica, 426 pp. (In Bulgarian) Jordanov D. (Ed.) 1966. Flora Republicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 3. Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdica, 638 pp. (In Bulgarian) Jordanov D. (Ed.) 1970. Flora Republicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 4. Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdica, 748 pp. (In Bulgarian) Jordanov D. (Ed.) 1973. Flora Republicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 5. Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae. Serdica, 444 pp. (In Bulgarian) Jordanov D. (Ed.) 1976. Flora Republicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 6. Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae. Serdica, 592 pp. (In Bulgarian) Kavrakova, V., Dimova D., Dimitrov M., Tzonev R., Belev T. & Rakovska K. (Eds) 2009. Hand book for identification of habitats of European significance in Bulgaria. 2nd edn. W W F Danube - Carpathian Programme and Green Balkans Federation, Sofia, 131 pp. (In Bulgarian) Kozuharov S. (Ed.) 1995. Flora Republicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 10. Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdica, 428 pp. (In Bulgarian) Kozuharov S. & Anchev M. (Eds) 2012. Flora Republicae Bulgaricae. Vol. 11. Serdica, Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdica, 527 pp. (In Bulgarian) Kuzmanov B. (Ed.) 1979. Flora Republicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 7. Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdica, 530 pp. (In Bulgarian) Lucas G. 1983. List of rare, threatened and endemic plants in Europe. Strasburg, Council of Europe, Publications Section, 358 pp. Malinova L. 2010. Soil science and soil pollution. University of Forestry, Sofia, 236 pp. (in Bulgarian) Peev D. (Ed.-in-Chief) 201 5 . Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria. Vol. 1. Plants and Fungi. Sofia, BAS & MoEW, 881 pp. Peev D., Tzoneva S. & Valyovska N. 2003. Evaluation of conservation value and importance of plant biodiversity on the dune complexes of the Northern Black Sea coast. Sofia. Report to BSBCP (manuscript, in Bulgarian). Peev D., Petrova A., Apostolova I. & Delcheva M. 2009. Bulgaria. - In: Radford E. A . & B. Ode (Eds), Conserving important plant areas: Investing in the Green Gold of South Europe. Plantlife International, Salisbury, UK, 27-36. Penev I. 1984. The dense forests on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. - Godishnik na Sofiyskiya Universitet, Kniga 2-Botanika 74: 113-120. Petrova A. & Vladimirov V. (Eds) 2009. Red List of Bulgarian vascular plants. - Phytologia Balcanica 15 (1): 63-94. Rusev Y. 2004. Management of the dense forests in the region of RFM Varna. - In: Reports from the National Conference Environmentally sound and sustainable management o f the dense forests, MAF, Sofia, 9-22. Stoyanov N., Stefanov B. & Kitanov B. 1966. Flora of Bulgaria, Vol. 1. Fourth updated edition, Nauka i Izkustvo, Sofia, 564 pp. (In Bulgarian) Stoyanov N., Stefanov B. & Kitanov B. 1967. Flora of Bulgaria, Vol. 2. Fourth updated edition. Nauka i Izkustvo, Sofia, 1326 pp. (In Bulgarian ) Tashev A. N, Vitkova A. A. & Aleksandrova A. V. 2017. Vascular plant biodiversity of the natural non-forest habitats in the Natura 2000 protected sites Kamchia (BG0000116) and Shkorpilovtsi Beach (BG0000100). - Annual of Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski". Faculty of Biology, Book 2-Botany 101: 54-65. Tashev A . N., Vitkova A . A . & Alexandrova A . V. 2018a. Floristic composition and current state of forest natural habitats in Natura 2000 protected site Kamchia (BG0000116). - Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, Supplement 11: 69-74. Tashev A. N., Vitkova A. A. & Aleksandrova A. V. 2018b. Floristic composition and current state of non-forest natural habitats in Natura 2000 protected sites Kamchia (BG0000116) and Shkorpilovtsi Beach (BG0000100). – Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, Supplement 11: 75-80. Tzonev R., Dimitrov M. & Roussakova V. 2005. Dune vegetation of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. - Hacquetia 4 (1): 7-32. Velev S. 2002. Climatic régionalisation. - In: Kopralev I. (Ed.), Geography of Bulgaria. Physical Geography. Socio-Economic Geography. ForKom 2000, Sofia, 155-156. (In Bulgarian). Velev S. 2010. Climate of Bulgaria. 2nd edn. Heron Press. Sofia, 189 pp. (In Bulgarian). Velchev V. (Ed.) 1982. Flora Reipublicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 8. Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdica, 518 pp. (In Bulgarian). Velchev V. (Ed.) 1989. Flora Reipublicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 9. Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdica, 541 pp. (In Bulgarian). Zelev P. & Yurukov S. 2004. Timber species in Kamchia dense forests. - In: Reports from the National Conference Environmentally sound and sustainable management o f the dense forests, MAF, Sofia, 25-33.
Авторски права (c) 2025 Александър Ташев, Антонина А. Виткова, Александра В. Александрова https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
New data of Gentiana lutea ssp. symphyandra (Gentianacea) in Bulgaria
Gentiana lute a ssp. symphyandra is a target species in the National System for monitoring of biodiversity in Bulgaria, where it is included in category 1 - Priority species. The control populations are located in the Central Balkan National Park (above the hut Tuzha), Vitosha Nature Park (below the locality Reznyovete), Rila National Park (localities Tiha Rila and Urdina reka) and in the Pirin National Park (locality Kazanite). The paper presents new data on the population structure (in terms of space and age) of Gentiana lute a subsp. symphyandra, its vegetation dynamics, reproductive capacity and participation in different phytocenoses and habitats. Eleven natural populations of the subspecies in five mountains located in four floristic regions and one subregion of Bulgaria were examined. Evidence for under the snow development of plants is reported for the first time. Prognosis and proposals for better protection of the species are given. References: Acton Amending and Suplementing the Biological Diversity Act 2007. Decree No 34 accepted by the 40th National Assem bly on 1st Novem ber 2007. - State Gazette No 94/16.11.2007, 2-44 (In Bulgarian). Assyov B. & Petrova A. 2006. Conspectus of the vascular flora of Bulgaria. Chorology and floristic elements. Edn. 3. BBF, Sofia, 489 pp. (In Bulgarian). Biserkov V. (Ed-in-Chief) 2015. Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria. Vol. 3. Natural habitats. BAS & MoEW, Sofia, 422 pp. Brouz F. 1992. Plant propagation. Mir, Moscow, 192 pp. (In Russian). Convention on the Conservation of european w ildlife and natural habitats, annex i. 1979./ Directive 92/43/EEC/ Retrieved on 2.04.2017 from http://www.lkp.org.pl/prawo_html/know_bemenska_zl.html. Evstatieva L. & Vitkova A. 2000. Biodiversity of medicinal plants in the Central Balkan National Park. - In: Sakalian M. (Ed.), Biological diversity of the Central Balkan National Park, Pensoft, Sofia, 58-105. Evstatieva L. 2015. Gentiana lutea L. - In: Peev D. (Ed-in-Chief), Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria, Vol. 1. Plants and Fungi. BAS & MoEW, Sofia, 881 pp. European Nature Information System (EUNIS database v. 2). http://eunis.eea.eu.int/habitats (Last assessed on 21.04.2017). Georgieva E. & Evstatieva L. 2000. Distribution and conservation of Gentiana lutea L. and G. punctata L. in Bulgaria. - In: Proceedings of the First Conference on Medicinal and Aromatic plants of Southeast European Countries. Arandelovac, Serbia, May 29-June 03, 183-188. Georgieva E. & Russakova V. 2000. Gentiana lutea L. and G. punctata L. In the vegetation of Rila and Stara Planina (Bulgaria). - In: Proceedings of the Second Balkan Botanical Congress. Istanbul, Turkey, 14-18 May 2000, 239­244. Georgieva E. 2007. Ecological, biological and phytochemical features of Gentiana lutea L. and G. punctata L. PhD Thesis, Sofia University, 157 pp. (In Bulgarian) Gussev C., Dimitrova D. & Tzoneva C. 2008. Method for monitoring of high plants. - In: Expert report on high plants, subject to national monitoring system for biodiversity, http://www.chm.moew.goverment.bg/iaos/accessed (Last accessed on 21.04.2017) (In Bulgarian). Hayek A. von (posthumously edited by F. Markgraf) 1928-1931. Prodromus Florae Peninsulae Balcanicae. 2. Band. Dicotyledoneae Sympetalae. - Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis, Beihefte 30 (2): 1-1152. Kavrukova V., Divioya D ., Dimitrov M., Tzonev R ., Belev T. & Rakovska K. (Eds) 2009. Handbook for identification of habitats of European significance in Bulgaria. 2nd Edn. WWF Danube-Carpathian Programme and Green Balkans Federation, Sofia, 131 pp. (In Bulgarian). Kitanov B. 1987. Recognition and collection of herbs. Zemizdat, Sofia. 207 pp. (In Bulgarian). Kitanov B. & Penev I. 1963. Flora of Vitosha. State Publishing House Nauka I Izkustvo, Sofia, 513 pp. (In Bulgarian). Kozuharov S. & Petrova A. 1982. Gentiana L. - In: Velchev V. (Ed.) Flora Republicae Popularis Bulgaricae Vol. 8. Aedibus Academiae Scientiarum Bulgaricae, Serdica, 396 pp. (In Bulgarian). Kozuharova E., Shishinjova M. & Tonkov S. 1994. Contribution to the investigation on pollination of populations Gentiana punctata L. and G. Lutea L. in Vitosha mountains. - Annuaire de l'Université de Sofia "St. Kliment Ohridski". Faculté de Biologie, Livre 2 - Botanique 84: 41-52. Kozuharova E. 1997. Wild bees as pollinators of four Gentiana species on Mount Vitosha (Bulgaria). - Bocconea 5: 619-623. Kozuharova E. 1999. Pollination ecology of Gentiana species presented in Bulgarian flora. - Comptes rendus de l'Academie bulgarie des Sciences 52: 5-6. Kozuharova E. & Bozilova E. 2001. Pollen morphology of some Gentiana species (Gentianaceae) presented in the Bulgarian flora. - Annual of Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski" Faculty of Biology, Book 2 Botany 93: 83-98. Kozuharova E. 2004. Pollination ecology of Gentiana asclepiadea L. and G. pneumonanthe L. (Gentianaceae) in Bulgaria. - Annual of Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” Faculty of Biology, Book 2 - Botany 94-96: 39-58. Kozuharova E. & Hadzieva M. 2004. Breeding systems of some Gentianaceae members presented in Bulgarian flora - alternative methods of investigation. - Annual of Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” Faculty of Biology, Book 2 - Botany 97: 29-45. Medicinal Plant Act 2000 . State Gazette No 29/07.04.2000 (In Bulgarian). NBMS - National System for monitoring of biodiversity of Bulgaria. Retrieved on 1st October 2018 from: http://eea.govemment.bg/en/bio/nsmbr Nikolov S. (Ed.) 200 6 . Specialized Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants. Publishing House Trad, Sofia, 566 pp. (In Bulgarian). Nikolova M., Vitkova A. & Peev D. 2012. Polyphenol content and antiradical activity of Gentiana lutea ssp. symphyandra: variation among plant parts and populations. - In: Proceedings of 7th Conference on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Southeast European Countries, Subotica, Republic of Serbia, 27th - 31st May 2012, 167-172. Peev D. (Ed.-in-Chief). 201 5 . Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria, Vol. 1. Plants and Fungi. BAS & MoEW, Sofia, 881 pp. Petkov V. (Ed.) 1982. Recent Phytotherapy. Nauka, Sofia, 523 pp. (In Bulgarian). Petrova A. & Vladimirov V. (Eds) 2009. Red List of Bulgarian vascular plants. - Phytologia Balcanica 15 (1): 63-94. Radkoy I. 1963. Forest formation and forest types in Bulgaria. Zemizdat, Sofia. 123 pp. (In Bulgarian). Scharfetter R. 1953. Biographien von Pflanzensippen. Vienna, Springer-Verlag. 546 pp. Sidiimova B., Vuljovska-Popova N. & Peev D. 2014. Reproductive capacity of four medicinal plants in Nature Park "Rilsky Manastir" - West Bulgaria. - Journal of BioScience and Biotechnology, Special edition Online, Section “Biodiversity & Ecology” Third Balkan Scientific Conference on Biology, Plovdiv, May 30 - June 1, 2014, 177-180 Stoyanov N ., Stefanov B. & Kitanov B. 1966. Flora of Bulgaria, Vol. 1. Fourth updated edition, Nauka i Izkustvo, Sofia, 564 pp. (In Bulgarian) Stoyanov N ., Stefanov B. & Kitanov B. 1967. Flora of Bulgaria, Vol. 2. Fourth updated edition. Nauka i Izkustvo, Sofia, 1326 pp. (In Bulgarian) Tutin E. (1972). Gentianaceae. - In: Tutin E., Heywood N., Burges N., More D.,Valentine D., Walters S. & Weeb D. (Eds), Flora Europaea. Vol. Ill, Cambridge University Press, 59-63. Velenovsky Y. 1898. Flora Bulgarica. Descriptio et enumeratio systematica plantrum vascularium in principtu Bulgariae sponte nascentrum. Prostat Abud Fr. Rivnac Bibliopolam, Pragaea. 404 pp. Vitkova A. & Evstatieva L. 2000. Biodiversity of medicinal plants in the Rila National Park. - In: Sakalian M. (E d.), Biological diversity of the Rila National Park, Pensoft, Sofia, 79-116. Vitkova A., Evstatieva L. & Peev D. 2012. In situ and ex situ conservation of rare high-mountain medicinal plants in Bulgaria. - In: Proceedings of the 7th Conference on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Southeast European Countries, Subotica, R Serbia, 14-22.
Авторски права (c) 2025 Димитър Р. Пеев, Антонина А. Виткова, Люба Н. Евстатиева, Наталия В. Въльовска https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Checklist of algae from Bulgarian thermal waters
The paper provides annotated Checklist of Bulgarian thermal algae mentioned in the publications on thermo-mineral springs, baths and their effluents and updated according to the last taxonomic considerations. The list contains data on 35 thermal systems and totally 206 taxa from five algal divisions (phyla): Cyanoprokaryota (82), Rhodophyta (4), Ochrophyta (44:3 - Tribophyceae, 40 - Bacillariophyceae), Chlorophyta (32) and Streptophyta (44). Among them 21 species are of conservation importance according to the Red Lists of Bulgarian macroalgae and microalgae, and of the Red Data Book of R Bulgaria as well. According to their threatened status they are spread in the following groups: Critically Endangered (1), Endangered (4), Vulnerable (6), Near Threatened (5) and Data Deficient. (5). On the background of the increased pace of habitat losses due to capturing of the springs, construction of new modem SPA centers with permanent cleaning of the algae, or usage of springs for heating purposes or as laundries, this Checklist can serve as a basic archive for future investigations of this important ecological group of extremophilic algae. References: Bisserkov V., Gussev Ch ., P opov V., Hibaum G., Roussakoya V., Pandurski I., Uzunov Y., Dimitrov M., Tzonev R. & Tsoneva S. (Eds) 2015. Red Data Book o f the Republic o f Bulgaria. Volume 3. Natural Habitats, BAS et MOEW, Sofia, 422 pp. Eloranta P., Kwandran s J. & Kusel-Fetzmann E. 2011. Rhodophyta and Phaeophyceae. In: Büdel B., Gärtner G., Krientiz L., Preisig H. R. & Shagerl M. (Hrsg/Eds), Süßwasserflora von M itteleuropa Freshwater Flora of Central Europe. Heidelberg, Spektrum Akadem ischer Verlag, 155 pp. Gärtner G., Uzunov B., Ingolic E., Kofler W., Gacheva G., Pilarski P., Zagorchev L., Odjakova M. & Stoyneva M. 2015. Microscopic investigations (LM, TEM and SEM) and identification of Chlorella isolate R-06/2 from extreme habitat in Bulgaria with a strong biological activity and resistance to environmental stress factors. - Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 29 (3): 536-540. Geitler L. 1931. Cyanophyceae. - In: Rabenhorst L. (Ed.), Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. Ed. 2. Vol. 14. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig. 289-672. Geitler L. 1942. Schizophyta: Klasse Schizophyceae. - In: Engler A. & Prantl K. (Eds), Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Sweite Auflage. Vol. lb, Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 232 pp. Georgiev G. 1948. General charactersitics of plants of some breeding places of Anophelinae in Bulgaria. - Voenno-Sanitamo Delo (Sofia) 2: 8-10 (In Bulgarian, Russian summ.). Gollerbakh M. M., Kossinskaya E. K. & Polyanskiy V. I. 1953. Manual of freshwater algae ofthe USSR. Volume 2. Blue-green algae. Sovetskaya Nauka, Moscow, 652 pp. (In Russian). Guérquieff S. 1906. Contribution a l'étude des Diatomées, des Champignons, des Filicinées et des Phanérogames de Bulgarie. - Godishnik na Sofiyskiya Universitet 2:83-124 (In Bulgarian). Guiry M. D. & Guiry G. M. 2018. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway, http://www.algaebase.org/ (Last accessed on 01.10.2018). Hauer T. & Komârek J. 2019. CyanoDB 2.0. The on-line database of cyanobacterial genera. Word-wide electronic publication, Univ. of South Bohemia & Inst, of Botany AS CR, http://www.cyanodb.cz (Last accessed on 01.10.2018). Kociolek J. P., Balasubramanian K , Blanco S., Coste M., Ector L., Liu Y., Kulikovskiy M., Lundholm N , Ludwig T., Potapova M., Rimet F., Sabbe K., Sala S., Sar E., Taylor J., Van de Vijver B., W etzel C. E., Williams D. M., Witkowski A. & Witkowski J. 2018. DiatomBase, http://www.diatombase.org. (Last accessed on 01.10 2018). Komârek J. 2013. Cyanoprokaryota. 3 Teil/Part 3 : Heterocytous genera. - In: Büdel B., Gärtner G., Krienitz L. & Schagerl M. (Hrsg/Eds), Süßwaserflora von Mitteleuropa 19/Freshwater flora of Central Europe, 19. Springer Spectrum, Heidelberg, 1130 pp. Komârek J. & A nagnsotidis K. 1999. Cyanoprokaryota. 1 Teil/Part 1: Chroococcales. - In: Ettl H., Gärtner G., Heynig H. & Mollenhauer D. (Hrsg/Eds), Süßwaserflora von Mitteleuropa 19/Freshwater flora o f Central Europe 19. Gustav Fischer, Jena, 549 pp. Komârek J. & Anagnsotidis K. 2005. Cyanoprokaryota. 2 Teil/Part 2: Oscillatoriales. - In: Büdel B., Gärtner G., Krienitz L. & Schagerl M. (Hrsg/Eds), Süßwaserflora von Mitteleuropa 19/Freshwater flora of Central Europe 19. Springer Spectrum, Heidelberg, 759 pp. Komarek J. & F ott B. 1983. Chlorophyceae (Grünalgen) Ordnung: Chlorococcales. Das Phytoplankton des Süsswassers. - In: Huber-Pestalozzi G. (Ed.), Das Phytoplankton des Süsswassers (Die Binnengewässer) 16. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlangbuchhandlung (Nägele u. Obermiller), Stuttgart, 1044 pp. KrammerK. & L ange-BertalotH. 1997a. Bacillariophyceae 1 Teil.Naviculaceae. - In: Ettl H., Gerloff J., Heynig H. & M ollenhauer D. (Hrsg/Eds), Süßwaserflora von Mitteleuropa 2. Gustav Fischer, Jena, 876 pp. Krammer K. & Lange-Bertalot H. 1997b. Bacillariophyceae 2 Teil. Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae. - In: Ettl H., Gerloff J., Heynig H. & M ollenhauer D. (Hrsg/Eds), Süßwaserflora von Mitteleuropa 2. Gustav Fischer, Jena, 611 pp. Krammer K. & Lange-Bertalot H. 1991. Bacillariophyceae 3. Teil: Centrales, Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae. - In: Ettl H., Gerloff J., Heynig H. & Mollenhauer D. (Hrsg/Eds), Süßwaserflora von Mitteleuropa. Spektrum, Heidelberg, 576 pp. Krammer K. & Lange-Bertalot H. 2004. Bacillariophyceae 4. Teil: Achnanthaceae, Kritische Ergänzungen zu Navicula (Lineolatae), Gomphonema Gesamtliteraturverzeichnis [second revised edition] -In: Ettl H., Gerloff J., Heynig H. & Mollenhauer D. (Hrsg/Eds), Süßwaserflora von Mitteleuropa. Spektrum, Heidelberg, 468 pp. Krause W. 1997. Charales (Charophyceae). - In: Ettl H., G. Gärtner, H. Heynig & D. M ollenhauer (Hrsg/Eds), Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa Freshwater Flora of Central Europe. Jena, Gustav Fischer Verlag, 202 pp. Lukavsky J., Furnadzhieva S. & Pilarski P. 2011. Cyanobacteria of the thermal spring at Pancharevo, Sofia, Bulgaria. - Acta Botanica Croatica 70 (2): 1-18. McGregor G. 2018. Freshwater Cyanobacteria from North-Eastern Australia: 3. Nostocales. - Phytotaxa 359: 1-166. Michev T. M. & Stoyneya M. P. [2004] 2005. Red List of Bulgarian Wetlands: Conception, Creation and Application. - Annuaire de l'Université de Sofia "St Kliment Ohridski", Livre 4-10ème Session Scientifigue, Sofia'03, Partie II, 96: 71-76. Michev T. M. & Stoyneya M. P. 2007. Conservation of Bulgarian non-lotic wetlands. - In: M ichev T. M. & M. P. Stoyneva (Eds), 2007. Inventory of Bulgarian Wetlands and their Biodiversity. Part 1: Non-Lotic Wetlands. Publ. House Elsi-M, Sofia, 109-131 (In English and in Bulgarian). Petkoff S. 1899. Contribution to the investigation ofBulgarian single-celled green freshwater algae. - Periodichno Spisanie Bulgarsko Knizhovno Druzhestvo (Sofia) 59: 791-806 (In Bulgarian). Petkoff S. 1904. Troisième contribution a l'étude des algues déau douce en Bulgarie. - Periodichno Spisanie na Bulgarskoto Knizhovno Druzhestvo (Sofia) 16 (1-2): 385-416 (In Bulgarian, French summ.). Petkoff S. 1907. Troisième contribution a l'étude des algues d'eau douce en Bulgarie. - Sbomik Narodni Umotvoreniya 22/23 (3): 1-23 (In Bulgarian, French summ.). Petkoff S. 1908. Cinquème contribution a l'étude des algues d'eau douce en Bulgarie. - Periodichno Spisanie na Bulgarskoto Knizhovno Druzhestvo (Sofia) 68: 603-624 (In Bulgarian, French summ.). Petkoff S. 1908-1909. Les algues de la Bulgarie du SO et leur dispersion. - Godishnik na Sofiyskiya Universitet, Fiziko-Matematicheski Fakultet 2: 1-88 (In Bulgarian, French summ.) Petkoff S. 1913. Les Characées de Bulgarie. - Spisanie BAN 7: 1-44 (In Bulgarian, French summ.). Petkoff S. 1922. The vegetation of Vitosha waters. Contribution to the hydrology and hygiene of the capital. - Godishnik na Sofiyskiya Universitet, Fiziko-Matematicheski Fakultet 18: 1-272 (In Bulgarian, French summ.). Petkoff S. 1925. La flore algologique du mont Pirin-planina. - Sbomik na Bulgarskata Akademiya na Naukite 20: 1-128 (In Bulgarian, French summ.). Petkoff S. 1929. Un habitat algologique important et son changement partiel défavorable. - Trudove na Bulgarskoto Prirodoizpitatelno Druzhestvo (Sofia) 14: 99-105 (In Bulgarian, Russian and French summ.). Petkoff S. 1934. Contribution supplémentaire aux Characées de Bulgarie. - Spisanie na BAN 51: 1-67 (In Bulgarian, French sum.). Petkoff S. 1934-1935. Les Zygnemales de la Bulgarie et leur dispersion. - Godishnik na Sofiyskiya Univeristet, Fiziko-Matematicheski Fakultet, 31 (3): 1-13. Petkoff S. 1942. Note concernant les forms de l'espèce Thorea rctmosissima Bory, trouvées en Bulgarie. - Spisanie na BAN 65: 141-144 (In Bulgarian, French summ.). Petkoff S. 1950a . Contribution supplémentaire à la flore algologique des Rhodopes. - Izvestiya na Botanicheskiya Institut 1: 452-473 (In Bulgarian, Russian and French summ.). Petkoff S. 1950b. La flore algologique des vallées autour du Mont Pirin et leurs sources thermales. - Izvestiya na Botanicheskiya Institut - BAN (Sofia) 1: 441-451 (In Bulgarian, Russian and French summ.). Semerdzhiev I., N ikiforov I., Profirov D., Kiriakov I. & Nikoloya A. 1980. Botanical characterstics and curative properties of the algal community which develops in Haskovo mineral water. - In: Purva Nauchno-tehnicheska Konferenciya Haskovski M ineralni Bani, 31.X-1.XI.1980, 135-142 (In Bulgarian). Sendall B. C. & McGregor G. B. 2018. Cryptic diversity within the Scytonema complex: Characterization of the paralytic shellfish toxin producer Heterosvctonema crispum, and the establishment of the family Heteroscytonemataceae (Cyanobacteria/Nostocales). - Harmful Algae 80:158­-170. Stoyneya M. P. 2003. Survey on green algae of Bulgarian thermal springs. - Biologia, Bratislava 58 (4): 563-574. Stoyneya M. P. 2014. Contribution to the knowledge on the biodiversity of hydro-and aerobiontic prokaryotic and eukaryotic alage in Bulgaria. Dr Science Thesis, University of Sofia, Faculty of Biology, Department of Botany, 825 pp. (In Bulgarian). Stoyneva M. P. & Gartner G. 2004. Taxonomic and ecological notes to the List of green algal species from Bulgarian thermomineral waters. - Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich-medizinischer Verein Innsbruck 91: 67-89. Stoyneva M. P. & M ichev T. M. 2007. State-of-art survey of Bulgarian non-lotic wetlands and their biodiversity. - In: M ichev T. M. & Stoyneva M. P. (Eds), 2007. Inventory of Bulgarian Wetlands and their Biodiversity. Part 1: Non- Lotic Wetlands. Publ. House Elsi-M, Sofia, 88-108. Stoyneva M. P. & Temniskova-Topalova D. N. 2007. Cyanoprokaryotes and algae o f Bulgarian non-lotic wetlands and their biodiversity. - In: Michev T. M. & Stoyneva M. P. (Eds), 2007. Inventory o f Bulgarian Wetlands and their Biodiversity. Part 1: Non-Lotic Wetlands. Publ. House Elsi-M, Sofia, 155-167. Stoyneva M., Temniskova D. & Ivanov P. [2011] 2015. Thorea hispida (Thore) Desv. - In: Peev D. (Ed-in-Chief), Red Data Book of RBulgaria, Vol. 1. Plants and fungi. Sofia, Pensoft, p. 33. Stoyneva-Gartner M. P., Isheva Ts., Ivanov P., Uzunov B. A. & Dimitrova P. 2016. Red List o f Bulgarian algae. II. M icroalgae.-A nnual o f Sofia University, Faculty o f Biology, Book 2 - Botany 100: 15-55. Strunecky O., Kopejtka K., GoeckeF., TomaschJ., Lukavsky J.,N eoriA., Kahl S., Pieper D. H., Pilarski P., K aftan D. & Koblizek M. 2018. High diversity of thermophilic cyanobacteria in Rupite hot spring identified by microscopy, cultivation, single-cell PCR and amplicon sequencing. - Extremophiles, DOI: 10.1007/s00792-018-1058. Temniskova D. T., Stoyneva M. P. & Kirjakov I. K. 2008. Red List ofthe Bulgarian algae. I. Macroalgae. - Phytologia Balcanica 14 (2): 193-206. Valkanov A. 1955. Notes on the alga Pithophora kewensis Wittrock. - Izvestiya naBotanicheskiyaInstitut4: 119-125 (In Bulgarian). Vodenicarov D. 1967. Beitrag zur Algenflora Bulgariens. VI. - Izvestiya na Botanicheskiya Institut 27: 231-237 (In Bulgarian, Russian and German summ.). Vodenicharov D., Draganov S. & Temniskova D. 1971. Flora of Bulgaria. Algae. Sofia, Narodna Prosveta, 642 pp. (In Bulgarian). Zabelina M. M., Kiselev I. A., Proshkina-Lavrenko A. I. & Shehukova V. S. 1951. - In: Proshkina-Lavrenko A. I. (Ed.), M anual o f freshwater algae of USSR. Diatom algae. 4. State Publ. House Sovetskaya Nauka, Moscow, 649 pp. (In Russian).
Авторски права (c) 2025 Майя П. Стойнева-Гертнер, Благой А. Узунов, Georg Gärtner https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of demographic characteristics of the local population of the Northern Black Sea coast on the use of medicinal plants
The present study aims to examine the impact of demographic indicators gender, age, education and place of residence on the use of medicinal plants by the native population of the Northern Black Sea coast. The survey was conducted in eleven cities and nine villages between April and June 2015. The face-to-face interview technique was used and the respondents were randomly selected. The impact of demographic indicators on the respondents’ answers was assessed by calculating the correlation coefficient of Pearson (r). The results show that the majority of respondents (83.78%) used medicinal plants mainly for treatment and prevention of diseases, approximately half of them (45.95%) used them for nutrition. Respondents using medicinal plants for decoration and for business have an insignificant share (9.73% and 1.08%, respectively). From the demographic analysis of the results, a moderate influence of all four demographic indicators on the respondents’ answers was registered. The analysis of cross-links revealed that the attitude to the use of medicinal plants by women, unlike men, was not significantly influenced by age. The share of respondents from rural areas using medicinal plants for treatment and prevention of diseases was equal to those using them for nutrition, while the respondents from the cities using medicinal plants for treatment and prevention were twice more than those using them for nutrition. Regional differences were discovered comparing our data for use of medicinal plants of the local population with published data from the inland of the country. References: Akaydin G., §im§ek I., Arituluk Z. C. & Yesilada E. 2013. An ethnobotanical survey in selected towns of the Mediterranean subregion (Turkey). - Turkish Journal of Biology 37: 230-247. Bele A. & Khale A. 2011. Standardization of herbal drugs: An overview. - International Research Journal of Pharmacy 2 (12): 56-60. Dragoeva A., Koleva V., Nanova Z., Koynova T. & Jordanova K. 2015. A study on current status of herbal utilization in Bulgaria: Part 1 - Application of herbal medicines. - Scientific Research and Essays 10 (5): 168-176. Kozuharova E., Lebanova H., Getov I., Benbassat N. & Napier J. 2013. Descriptive study of contemporary status of the traditional knowledge on medicinal plants in Bulgaria. - African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 7 (5): 185-198. Ploetz K. L. 2000. An ethnobotanical study of wild herb use in Bulgaria. Master Thesis. Michigan Technological University, 156 pp. Ploetz K. & Orr В. 2004. Wild herb use in Bulgaria. - Economic Botany 58 (2): 231-241. Valtchev Ch. & Iordanova P. 2004. Statistics. Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen Press, Shumen, 153 pp. (In Bulgarian). Zahariev D., Boycheva P. & Kosev K. 2016. Review on the medicinal plants of the north Black Sea coast (Bulgaria). - Annual of Sofia University „St. Kliment Ohridski’’, Faculty of Biology, Book 2 - Botany 99: 100-114.
Авторски права (c) 2025 Джени П. Чернева, Галина А. Янева, Добри Л. Иванов https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cyanoprokatyote and algal biodiversity in the tropical Lake Edward (Africa) with notes on new, rare and potentially harmful species
The paper presents data on the biodiversity of prokaryotic and eukaryotic algae in the tropical Lake Edward, compiled from publications of the Damas mission (1935 -1936 ), Hecky & Kling (1987) and our own results from a recent investigation of the lake phytoplankton in a three-year period (2016-2018) in the frame of the HIPE (HumanJmjiacts on ecosystem health and resources of Lake Edward) project (http://www.co2.ulg.ac.be/hipe). The provided checklist is based on modem algal taxonomy with relevant synonymizing of lists of previous authors. In total, 577 taxa from seven divisions were registered in the lake waters and in the Kazinga Channel. The richest division was Ochrophyta (287 taxa, 274 of which from Bacillariophyceae), followed by Chlorophyta (131 taxa), Cyanoprokaryota (134), Streptophyta (14), Euglenophyta (8), Pyrrhophyta (5) and Cryptophyta (1). 52 species (or only 1% of the taxa found) persisted in the lake since 30s of the 20th century till nowadays. More than half of the cyanoprokaryotes (65) are potentially toxic and harmful species. The checklist contains also data on algal abundance and frequency of occurrence, originally provided by the authors. In the phytoplankton samples, collected during the three cruises of the HIPE project, 248 taxa were found, among which the richest division was Cyanoprokaryota (104). From this total of 248 taxa, only 3 were frequent and 199 were very rare (from 1-3 samples) with 121 taxa found in one sample only. During 2016-2018, the most abundant species in the lake phytoplankton belonged to Cyanoprokaryota, Bacillariophyceae and Chlorophyta. The algae found in the lake have different ecological requirements and besides clear tropical species and some cosmopolites, some “cold water species” from northern and temperate regions were found. For them, as well as for some thermophilic species, considered alien for the lake, transport through different vectors was supposed. 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Авторски права (c) 2025 Майя П. Стойнева-Гертнер, Jean-Pierre Descy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Aethionema arabicum Andrz. ex DC (Cruciferae) in Bulgaria - in situ and ex situ conservation
Aethionema arabicum Andrz. ex DC is extremely rare species of the Bulgarian flora. It is included in the Biological Diversity Act of Bulgaria and in the Red Book of Bulgaria with category Critically Endangered. The species is distributed in Balkan Peninsula (Bulgaria and Turkey), Southwest Asia (Asia Minor, Syria, Northern Iran) and the Caucasus. The only population of A. arabicum known in Bulgaria is situated in Eastern Stara planina floristic region, near Sotirya village, Sliven district. The population consists of only a few dozen individuals. This study provides information on the biology and ecology of the species, its population structure and the measures taken to increase the population. Protected area was designated to preserve this species. References: Barrett S. C. H. 2002. The evolution of plant sexual diversity. - Nature Genetics 3: 274-284. Chater A. O. 1964. Aethionema R. Br. - In: Tutin T, Heywood V., Burges N., Valentine D., Walters S. & Webb D. (Eds), Flora Europaea. Cambridge University Press, UK 1: 1-322. Deno N. C. 1993. Seed germination theory and practice. USDA National Agricultural Library, 242 pp. Gussev Ch. & Bancheva S. 2011. Methodology for monitoring of vascular plants. - In: National Biodiversity Monitoring System, http://eea.government.bg/bg/bio/nsmbr/praktichesko-rakovodstvo-metodiki-za-monitoring-i-otsenka/ visshi-rasteniya (Last assessed 3.05.2017). Harding Є. & Williams M. 2010. Designing a monitoring project for significant native flora. Version Number 1.0 (January 2010). Prepared for Resource Condition Monitoring project: Significant Native Species and Ecological Communities. https://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/images/documents/plants-animals/monitoring/rcm_flora_mon_proj_v1.0_20100129.pdf (Last assessed 25.10.2017). Hedge I. C. 1965. Aethionema R. Br. - In: Davis P. H. (Ed.), Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean Islands. Robert Cunningham and Sons Limited Alva, Great Britain 1: 314-330. Herlihy C. R. & Eckert C. G. 2005. Evolution of self-fertilization at geographical range margins. A comparison of demographic, floral, and mating system variables in central vs. peripheral populations of Aquilegia canadensis (Ranunculaceae). - American Journal of Botany 92: 744-751. Ketzhoveli N. N. (Ed.). 1979. Flora of Georgia. Izd. Metzniereba, Tbilisi 5: 1-205 (In Georgian). Pavlova D. 2007. A new species of Aethionema (Brassicaceae) from the Bulgarian flora. - Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (4): 533-540. Pmar N. M., Adigüzel N. & Geven F. 2007. Seed coat macrosculpturing in some Turkish Aethionema R. BR. (Brassicaceae). - Pakistan Journal of Botany 39 (4): 1025-1036. Ryttäri T, Kukk Ü., Kull T, Jäkäläniemi A. & Reitalu M. (Eds) 2003. Monitoring of threatened vascular plants in Estonia and Finland - methods and experiences. - The Finnish Environment 659: 1-127. Stanev S. 2015. Aethionema arabicum (L.) O. E. Schulz. - In: Peev D. (Ed), Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria. Vol. 1. Plants and Fungi, BAS and MOEW, Sofia, p. 173. StatSoft, Inc. 2004. STATISTICA (data analysis software system), version 7. www.statsoft.com. Stebbins G. L. 1957. Self-fertilization and population variability in the higher plants. - American Naturalist 91: 337-354. Stebbins G. L. 1974. Flowering plants: evolution above the species level. Belknap Press of Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 480 pp. Takhtajan A. (Ed.) 1966. Flora of Armenia. Vol. 5. Publishing House of Armenian Academy of Sciences, Erevan, 265 pp. (In Armenian). Vulev S. 1970. Aethionema arabicum (L.) Andrz. ex O. E. Schulz. - In: Jordanov D. (Ed.), Flora Republicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 4, Izd. BAN, Sofia, 557-558 (In Bulgarian).
Авторски права (c) 2025 Малина Х. Делчева, Светлана Т. Банчева https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0