On the UC and UC∗ properties and the existence of best proximity points in metric spaces

Abstract

We investigate the connections between UC and UC${}^{\ast }$ properties for ordered pairs of subsets $(A,B)$ in metric spaces, which are involved in the study of existence and uniqueness of best proximity points. We show that the UC property and the UC${}^{\ast }$ property lead to one and the same corollaries, when iterated sequences, generated by cyclic maps, are investigated. We introduce some new notions: bounded UC (BUC) property and uniformly convex set about a function $\varphi$. We prove that these new notions are generalizations of the UC property and that both of them are sufficient to ensure existence and uniqueness of best proximity points. We show that these two new notions are different from a uniform convexity and even from a strict convexity. If we consider the underlying space to be a Banach space, we find a sufficient condition which ensures that from the UC property follows the uniform convexity of the underlying Banach space. We illustrate the new notions with examples. We present an example of a cyclic contraction $T$ in a space, which is not even strictly convex and the ordered pair $(A,B)$ does not have the UC property, but has the BUC property and thus there is a unique best proximity point of $T$ in $A$.