САЩ, Австро-Унгария и чехословашката кауза за независимост по време на Първата световна война
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.60053/GSU.IF.1.97.239-323Ключови думи :
чехословашка независимост, дипломация на САЩ, Австро-Унгария, Томаш Гарик Масарик, Първата световна война, Сикстова афера, Централна ЕвропаАбстракт
Изследването представя чехословашкото движение за независимост през Първата световна война (1914-1918 г.) на фона на американско-австро-унгарските отношения. Преди избухването на войната Централна Европа е terra incognita за Съединените щати. Те се заинтересуват от този регион по време на войната. САЩ разглеждат съществуването на Австро-Унгария като съществено за европейското равновесие на силите и като надежден бастион срещу Германия и нейната мечта за Drang nach Osten. Затова САЩ се стремят да накарат Австро-Унгария да сключи възможно най-скоро сепаративен мир. От своя страна, съюзниците щели да гарантират нейната териториална цялост. По този начин американската политика влиза в очевидно противоречие с чешките и словашките стремежи за пълна национална независимост. Чехословашката съпротива в чужбина се ръководи от Т. Г. Масарик, който формулира националната програма за освобождение на чехите и словаците. Целта му е да убеди политиците и държавниците от Антантата да подкрепят националната кауза на чехите и словаците. Нито той обаче, нито пропагандната дейност на американските чехи и словаци дават реален резултат. Американската политика спрямо Хабсбургската империя се променя в резултат на т. нар. афера Сикст през април 1918 г., а не в резултат на дейността на Масарик в чужбина. Това довежда до признаване на чехословашките национални стремежи от страна на САЩ и страните от Антантата през лятото и есента на 1918 г.
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