Use of medicinal plants for cosmetic purposes by the locals on the North Black Sea Coast (Bulgaria)

Abstract

The present study is part of a larger ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in the North Black Sea coast and is the first purposive study on use of medicinal plants for cosmetic purposes in Bulgaria. Its aim is to identify medicinal plants used for cosmetic purposes by the local population on the North Black Sea coast. The survey was conducted in the period 2014 The interviews with the local population were conducted face-to-face with the help of original questionnaires. The surveyed locals were 709 people from 32 settlements. Respondents were selected at random. They were of different age groups, gender, ethnicity, education and employment. The folk names of the used medicinal plants were recorded. The results show that a significant proportion of respondents (42.60%) use medicinal plants for cosmetic purposes. The medicinal plants used in cosmetics by the locals were 55 species of 50 genera from 36 families.

References:

Aburjai T. & Natsheh F. 2003. Review article plants used in cosmetics. - Phytotherapy Research 17: 987-1000.

Angiosperm PhylogenyGroup 2016. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 1-20.

Assyov В., Petrova A., Dimitrov D. & Vassilev R. 2012. Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora. Distribution Maps and Floristic Elements. Sofia, Bulgarian Biodiversity Foundation, 490 pp. (In Bulgarian).

Bijauliya R., Shashi A., Mayank K., Dilip C. & Yadav S.A. 2017. Comprehensive review on herbal cosmetics. - International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 8 (12): 4930-4949.

Burlando B., Verotta L., Cornara L. & Bottini-Massa E. 2010. Traditional Herbal Medicines for Modern Times. Herbal Principles in Cosmetics. Properties and Mechanisms of Action. CRC Press, 460 pp.

Cherneva D. 2017. Biodiversity and ethnobotanical uses of medicinal plants from the Northern Black Sea coastal wetlands. Medical University of Varna (Bulgaria). ProQuestDissertations Publishing, 10820155.

Cherneva D., Yaneva G. & Ivanov D. 2017. Ethnobotanical study of the impact of certain demographic indicators on the attitudes towards the use of medicinal plants among local population of the North Black Sea Coast. – Scripta Scientifica Pharmaceutica 4 (1): 24-28.

Cholakov N. 2002. Labor and social statistics. Sofia: University of National and World Economy, 452 pp. (In Bulgarian).

Delipavlov D., Chesmedzhiev I., Popova М., Terziyski, D. & Kovachev, I. 2011. Handbook for Plants in Bulgaria. Izdatelstvo na Agramiya Universitet, Plovdiv. 591pp.(In Bulgarian).

Heinrich М., Edwards S., Moerman D. & Leonti M. 2009. Ethnopharmacological field studies: A critical assessment of their conceptual basis and methods. - Journal of Ethnopharmacology 124 (1): 1-17.

Hoffman B. & GallaherT. 2007. Importance Indices in Ethnobotany. - EthnobotanyResearch Applications 5:201-218.

International Plant Names Index (IPNI): https://www.ipni.org [12.04.2021]

International Society of Ethnobiology: https://www.ethnobiology.net/what-we-do/core-programs/ise-ethics-program/code-of-ethics/code-in-english/ [11.04.2021].

Ivanov I., Landzhev I. & Neshev G. 1977. Herbs in Bulgaria and their use. Zemizdat, Sofia, 405 pp. (In Bulgarian).

Ivanova D. & Ivanov D. 2009. Ethnobotanical use of lichens: lichens for food review. - Scripta Scientifica Medica 41 (1): 11-16.

Jordanov D. (Ed.) 1963. Flora Republicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 1. Aedibus Academiae Scientiarum Bulgaricae, Serdica, 509 pp. (In Bulgarian).

Jordanov D. (Ed.) 1964. Flora Republicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 2. Aedibus Academiae Scientiarum Bulgaricae, Serdica, 426 pp. (In Bulgarian).

Jordanov D. (Ed.) 1966. Flora Republicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 3. Aedibus Academiae Scientiarum Bulgaricae, Serdica, 638 pp. (In Bulgarian).

Jordanov D. (Ed.) 1970. Flora Republicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 4. Aedibus Academiae Scientiarum Bulgaricae, Serdica, 748 pp. (In Bulgarian).

Jordanov D. (Ed.) 1973. Flora Republicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 5. Aedibus Academiae Scientiarum Bulgaricae, Serdica, 444 pp. (In Bulgarian).

Jordanov D. (Ed.) 1976. Flora Republicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 6. Aedibus Academiae Scientiarum Bulgaricae, Serdica, 592 pp. (In Bulgarian).

Jost X., Ansel J-L., Lecellier G., Raharivelomanana P & Butaud J-F. 2016. Ethnobotanical survey of cosmetic plants used in Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia). - Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 12: 2-22.

Kitanov B. 1986. Cultivated plants in Bulgaria. Izd. Nauka i Izkustvo, Sofia, 322 pp. (In Bulgarian).

Koleva V., Dragoeva A., Nanova Z., Koynova T. & Dashev G. 2015. An ethnobotanical study on current status of some medicinal plants used in Bulgaria. - International Journal of Current Microbiology and Aplplied Sciences 44 (4): 297-305.

Kozhukharov S. (Ed.) 1995. Flora of the Republic of Bulgaria. Vol. 10. Acad. Izd. "Prof. M. Drinov", Sofia, 428 pp. (In Bulgarian).

Kozuharova E., Lebanova H., Getov I., Benbassat N. & Napier J. 2013. Discriptiv study of contemporary status of the traditional knowledge on medicinal plants in Bulgaria. - African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 7 (5): 185-198.

Kültür S. 2008. An ethnobotanical study of Kirklareli (Turkey). – Phytologia Balcanica 14(2): 279-289.

Kültür S. & SaamiN. 2009. An ethnobotanical study from Isperih (Razgrad - Bulgaria). - Journal of the Faculty of Pharmacy of Istanbul University 40: 11-18.

Kuzmanov B. (Ed.) 1979. Flora Republicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 7. Aedibus Academiae Scientiarum Bulgaricae, Serdica, 530 pp. (In Bulgarian).

Landzhev I. 2005. Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants in Bulgaria. Herbs, diseases, recipes. Izdatelska Kushta "Trud", Sofia, 551 pp. (In Bulgarian).

Mabey R., Mcintyre М., Michael P., Duf fG. & Stevens D. 2001. A book on herbs. Modern guide to herbs and their use. Izd. Kibea, Sofia, 288 pp. (In Bulgarian).

Medicinal Plants Act Of The Republic Of Bulgaria. Annex. State Gazette number 29, 7 April 2000. Last amended in State Gazette number 96, 1 December 2017 (In Bulgarian).

Mincheva I., Jordanova М., Benbassat N., Aneva I. & Kozuharova E. 2019. Ethnobotany and exploitation of medicinal plants in the Rhodope Mountains - is there a hazardfor Clinopodium dalmaticum. - Pharmacia 66 (2): 49-52.

Nanova Z., Dragoeva A., Koleva V., Chipev N., Georgiev B., Yotova I., Ivanov M. & EvstatievaE. 2015. Study on the current use of four important medicinal plants of Lamiaceae in Bulgaria. - Acta Scientifica Naturalis 1: 39-49.

Nedelcheva A. 2012. Medicinal plants from an old Bulgarian medical book. - Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 6 (12): 2324-2339.

Pamukov D. & Ahtardjiev H. 1989. Natural pharmacy. Zemizdat, Sofia, 325 pp. (In Bulgarian).

Peev D. (Ed.) 2013. Flora of the Republic of Bulgaria, Vol. 11. Acad. Izd. "Prof. M. Drinov", Sofia, 525 pp. (In Bulgarian).

Regulation (EC) 1223/2009 on Cosmetic Products, Prom. November 30, 2009 in force from 01.01.2010.

Shaheen H., Nazir J., Firdous S. & Khalid A. 2014. Cosmetic ethnobotany practiced by tribal women of Kashmir Himalayas. - Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine 4 (4): 239-250.

Stoyneva-Gartner M. & Uzunov B. 2015. An ethnobiological glance on globalization impact on the traditional use of algae and fungi as food in Bulgaria. - Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences 5: 5. doi: 10.4172/2155 9600.1000413.

Tsioutsiou E., Giordani P., Hanlidou E., Biagi М., Defeo V. & Cornara L. 2019. EthnobotanicalStudyofMedicinalPlantsUsedinCentralMacedonia, Greece. - Evidence-BasedComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine 2019: 4513792. doi: 10.1155/2019/4513792.

Vakarelski Hr. 1977. Ethnography of Bulgaria. Izd. Nauka i Izkustvo, Sofia, 672 pp. (in Bulgarian).

Zahariev D., Boycheva P. & Kosev K. 2015. Review on the Medicinal Plants of the North Black Sea Coast (Bulgaria). - Annual of Sofia University, Faculty of Biology, Book 2 - Botany 99: 115-134.

Zahariev D. & Ivanov I. 2014. The Medicinal Plants in Northeast Bulgaria. - - In: Proceedings of the Second student scientific conference "Ecology and Environtment", Konstantin Preslavski University Press, Shumen, Vol. 1, 161-175.

Zahariev D. & Radeva V. 2020. Ethnobotanical research of the medicinal plants in Balchik Municipality (Bulgaria). - Acta Scientifica Naturalis 7 ,1 (3): 81-95.

Zlateva B., Kuleff I. & Djingova R. 2007. Chemical composition of the resin residue found in ancient Greek amphora. - In: Vagalisnki L. F. (Ed), The lower Danube in antiquity (VI С ВС - VI С AD): International Archaeological Conference, Bulgaria-Tutrakan, 6-7.10.2005. Sofia: Publication of BAS - National Institute of Archaeology and Museum & Tutrakan: Tutrakan History Museum, 1-4.