Влияние на родителските стилове върху стила на привързаност в детството в контекста на културните особености

Абстракт

Настоящата студия разглежда специфичните родителски модели на възпитание и родителските стилове като детерминанти за формирането на стила на привързаност в детството. Анализират се вариациите в родителското поведение, степента на отзивчивост и контрол, чувствителни или нечувствителни грижи при различните родителски стилове и взаимовръзката им със сигурната, тревожно-амбивалентната, тревожно-избягващата и дезорганизираната привързаност. Посочени са някои от дименсиите на културата, като определящи за моделите на поведение и когнитивно възприятие на родителите, възпитателните практики и родителски стилове в България. В заключение се установява реципрочно влияние на родителския стил и детския темперамент, т.е. взаимодействието „дете-родител“ определя както родителския стил, така и стила на привързаност. Установява се взаимозависимост между културните особености и родителския стил, както и между културните особености и стила на привързаност в детството.

Библиография:

Исаев, Д. Н., Каган, В. Е. Психогигиена пола у детей. Л.: Медицина.

Иванов, И. Семейна педагогика. София: Аксиос.

Пенев, Р. (2017) Педагогическо образование за родители. Автореферат на дисертационен труд за придобиване на научна степен „Доктор на науките“.

Пенев, Р. (2013) Теория и технология на семейното възпитание. Втора част. София: Веда Словена - ЖГ

Ainsworth, M. D. S., Bell, S. M., & Stayton, D. J. (1971). Individual differences in strange-situation behavior of one-year-olds. In: H. R. Schaffer. (Ed.). The origins of human social relations. London and New York: Academic Press. Pp. 17-58.

Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Asgari, P., Enayati, M., Pasha, G., Sharifi, H., & Zeinali, A. (2011). The mediational pathway among parenting styles, attachment styles and self-regulation with with addiction susceptibility of adolescents. Journal o f Research in Medical Sciences: The Official Journal o f Isfahan University o f Medical Sciences, 16(9): 1105-1121. Retrieved April, 14, 2020 form https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3430035/

Baumrind, D. (1966). Effects of authoritative parental control on child behavior. Child Development, 37(4), 887-907. Retrived February, 2, 2020 from https://doi.org/10.2307/1126611

Baumrind, D. (1972). An exploratory study of socialization effects on black children: Some black-white comparisons. Child Development, 43(1), 261-267. Retrieved February, 2, 2020 from https://doi.org/10.2307/1127891

Baumrind, D. (1989). Rearing competent children. In: Damon, W. (Ed.) The Jossey-Bass social and behavioral science series. Child development today and tomorrow (p. 349­378). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Retrieved May, 5, 2019 from https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1988-98806-017

Baumrind, D. (1991). The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use. The Journal o f Early Adolescence, 11(1), 56-95. Retrieved February, 2, 2020 from https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431691111004

Behrens, K. Y., Hesse, E. & Main, M. (2007). Mothers' attachment status as determined by the Adult Attachment Interview predicts their 6-year-olds' reunion responses: A study conducted in Japan. Developmental Psychology, 43(6), 1553-1567. Retrieved March, 8, 2016 from https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.6.1553

Belsky, J. & Rovine, M. (1987). Temperament and attachment security in the strange situation: An empirical rapprochement. Child Development, 58(3), 787-795. Retrieved April, 8, 2020 from https://doi.org/10.2307/1130215 Bion, W. (1962). Learning from Experience. London: Routledge.

Bowlby, J. (1980). Loss: Sadness & Depression. Attachment and loss (vol. 3). (International psycho-analytical library no.109). London: Hogarth Press.

Cohn, D. A., Cowan, P. A., Cowan, C. P. & Pearson, J. (1992). Mothers' and fathers' workingmodels of childhood attachment relationships, parenting styles, and child behavior. Development and Psychopathology, 4(3), 417-431. Retrieved April, 2, 2020 from https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400000870

Erikson, E. (1950). Childhood and Society. Harmondsworth: Pelican 1965.

Eman, M., Fadel, A. & Abdel, A. M. (2017). The Relation between Parenting Styles and Attachment among Preschool Children in the Gaza strip. Glob J Intellect Dev Disabil. 2017: 555619. Retrieved April, 2, 2020 from https://juniperpublishers.com/gjidd/pdf/GJIDD.MS.ID.555619.pdf

Feldman, R. S. (2008). Development across the life span. (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Fox, N. A. (1989). Infant temperament and security of attachment: a new look. International Society for Behavioral Development. Jyviiskylii, Finland.

Gould, J. W., & Martindale, D. A. (2007). The art and science of child custody evaluations. Guilford Press.

Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work Related Values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

Hofstede Insights. (2020). Compare countries. Retrieved February, 2, 2020 from https://www.hofstede-insights.com/product/compare-countries/

Hwang, C. F. & Broberg, A. G. (1991). Social Inhibition - Development and Implications, In Behavioral Biology, Neuroendocrine Axis. (eds.). T. Archer, and S. Hansen, 191­198. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Jacobsen, T., & Hofmann, V (1997). Children's attachment representations: Longitudinal relations to school behavior and academic competency in middle childhood and adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 33(4), 703-710. Retrieved April, 2, 2020 from https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.33.4.703

Kagan, J., Reznick, J. S., Clarke, C., Snidman, N. & Garcia-Coll, C. (1984). Behavioral inhibition to the unfamiliar. Child Development, 55(6), 2212-2225. Retrieved April, 10, 2020 from https://doi.org/10.2307/1129793

Klein, M. (1952) On Observing the Behaviour of Young Infants. In: Envy and Gratitude and Other Works 1946-1963. London: Hogarth Press, 1975.

Kobak, R. R., Cole, H. E., Ferenz-Gillies, R., Fleming, W. S., & Gamble, W. (1993). Attachment and emotion regulation during mother-teen problem solving: A control theory analysis. Child Development, 64(1), 231-245. Retrieved April, 10, 2020 from https://doi.org/10.2307/1131448

Kochanska, G. (1997). Mutually responsive orientation between mothers and their young children: Implications for early socialization. Child Development, 68(1), 94-112. Retrieved June, 4, 2016 from https://doi.org/10.2307/1131928

Lamb, M. E., Hwang, C.-P., Frodi, A. M. & Frodi, M. (1982). Security of mother- and father-infant attachment and its relation to sociability with strangers in traditional and nontraditional Swedish families. Infant Behavior & Development, 5(4), 355-367. Retrieved April, 2, 2020 from https://doi.org/10.1016/S0163-6383(82)80046-5

Larose, S., & Bernier, A. (2001). Social support processes: Mediators of attachment state of mind and adjustment in later late adolescence. Attachment and Human Development, 3(1):96-120. RetrievedApril, 15,2020from https://doi.org/10.1080/14616730010024762

Main, M., & Cassidy, J. (1988). Categories of response to reunion with the parent at age 6: Predictable from infant attachment classifications and stable over a 1-month period. Developmental Psychology, 24(3), 415-426. Retrieved April, 15, 2020 from https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.24.3.415

Main, M., & Solomon, J. (1986). Discovery of an insecure-disorganized/disoriented attachment pattern. In: T. B. Brazelton & M. W. Yogman. (Eds.). Affective development in infancy (pp. 95-124). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

Maccoby, E. (1980). Social development-psycho-logical growth and the parent-child relationship. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. McNally, S., Eisenberg, N. & Harris, J. D. (1991).

Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parentchild interaction. Handbook of Child Psychology: Vol. 4. Socialization, personality, and social development (4th ed., pp. 1-101). New York: Wiley. Retrieved May, 5, 2018 from https://ucl.rl.talis.com/items/36C9F7D9-9E36-3721-1144-3867002B248B.html

Nair, H., & Murray, A., (2005). Predictors of attachment security in preschool children from intact and divorced families. J Genet Psychol 166(33): 245-263. Retrieved April, 12, 2020 from https://doi.org/10.3200/GNTP.166.3.245-263

Rollins, B. C. & Thomas, D. L. (1979) Parental support, power and control techniques in the socialization of children. In: W. R. Burr, R. Hill, F. I. Nye & I. L. Reiss (Eds.). Contemporary theories about family. Vol. 1. New York: The Free Press. Pourtois, J.P.,Desmet, H. (1989). L’Education familiale. Revue française de pédagogie, 86, 69-101.

Rutter, M. (1981). Stress, coping and development: Some issues and some questions. Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines, 22(4), 323-356. Retrieved November, 19, 2019 from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1981.tb00560.x

Solomon J., & George C. (2011). The Disorganised Attachment-Caregiving System In Solomon Judith & George Carol. (Eds.). Disorganized attachment & caregiving (pp. 25-51), NY: Guilford Press. Retrieved October, 19, 2019 from https://www.guilford.com/excerpts/solomon2.pdf?t

Soenens, B., & Beyers, W. (2012). The cross-cultural significance of control and autonomy in parent-adolescent relationships. Journal o f Adolescence, 35(2), 243-248. Retrieved April, 6, 2020 from https://doi.org/10.1016Zj.adolescence.2012.02.007

Stevenson-Hinde, J., & Verschueren, K. (2002). Attachment in childhood. In P. K. Smith & C. H. Hart (Eds.), Blackwell handbooks of developmental psychology. Blackwell handbook of childhood social development (p. 182-204). Blackwell Publishing. Retrieved November, 19, 2019 from https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2003-04408-010

Winnicott, D. (1965). The Maturational Processes and the Facilitating Environment. London: Hogarth Press.

Zhang, W., & Fuligni, A., (2006). Authority, autonomy and family relationships among adolescents in urban and rural China. Journal of Research on Adolescents 16(4): 527­537. Retrieved April, 2, 2020 from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2006.00506.x