Discrimination, stigma and prevention of social exclusion in mental disordered persons

Abstract

The study is dedicated to people with mental disorders and the issues of discrimination and stigmatization. Attention is drawn to social inclusion and social exclusion, as well as to the main types of discrimination, stigma, and stigmatization patterns. The links between stigma and discrimination, stigma and civil rights, stigma and employment, and stigma and the professionals in the mental health sphere are examined. Basic myths about people with mental disorders are broken. Finally, recommendations are made to overcome stigma and discrimination, and to promote social inclusion.

References:

Acker G, D. Lawrence (2009) Social Work and Managed Care, Measuring Competence, Burnout, and Acker, G. M. & Lawrence, D. (Social work and managed care. Journal of Social Work, 9 (3), 269-283).

Agentsia na Evropeyskia sayuz za osnovnite prava (2010) Narachnik po evropeysko pravo v oblastta na diskriminatsiyata, Savet na Evropa.

Ahmedani Brian K. (2011) Mental Health Stigma: Society, Individuals, and the Profession. - Journal of Social Work Values and Ethics, Volume 8.

American Psychiatric Association (2000) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th edn, text rev.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

Anderson, R., R. Wynne, and D. McDaid (2007) Housing and employment. in Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe, M. Knapp, et al., Editors, Open University Press: Buckingham.

Andlin-Sobocki, P., et al. (2005) Cost of disorders of the brain in Europe. Eur J Neurol, 1: p. 1-27.

Angermeyer, M. C. and H. Matschinger (2005) The stigma of mental illness in Germany: a trend analysis. Int J Soc Psychiatry, 51(3): p. 276-84.

Anglin, D. M., B. G. Link, and J. C. Phelan (2006) Racial differences in stigmatizing attitudes toward people with mental illness. Psychiatr Serv,. 57(6): p. 857-62. Barry, M., C. Hallet (1998, Social Exclusion and Social work, Dorset. Burns, J. K. (2009) Mental health and inequity: a human rights approach to inequality, discrimination, and mental disability.

Borodkin, F., Sotsialyrne eksklyuzii (2000) - Sotsiologicheskiy zhurnal, 3-4, 2000.

Boyanova, V., Tselevi i funktsionalni vazmozhnosti na sotsialnata rabota (2018) - V: Patishta na profesionalizma v sotsialnata rabota. Sofia.

Busza, J. (1999) Literature review: Challenging HIV-related stigma and discrimination in Southeast Asia: Past successes and future priorities. Population Council Horizons.

Biznesat gubi ot losho psihichno zdrave. https://koja.org/%D0 %B1%D0 %B8 %D0 %B7 %D0 %BD%D0 %B5%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%82-%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8- %D0 %B5 %D1%82-%D0 %B1 %D0 %B5 %D1%88 %D0 %B5-%D0 %BF %D1%81 %D0 %B8 %D1%87 %D0 %B8 %D1%87 %D0 %B5-%D0 %B7%D0 %B4%D1%80%D0 %B0%D0 %B2%D0 %B5/, accessed: 19.06.2019 g.

Chisholm D., Johansson K. A., Reykar N., Megiddo I., Nigam A., Strand K.B., Colson A., Fekadu A., Verguet S. (2016) Universal health coverage for mental, neurological, and substance use disorders: an extended cost-effectiveness analysis In Mental, neurological, and substance use disorders, Patel V, editor; Chisholm D, editor; Dua T, editor; Laxminarayan R, editor; Medina-Mora ME, editor. (eds), pp 237-251. Washington, DC: The World Bank.

Konventsiyata na OON za pravata na horata s uvrezhdania, reshenie na MS na RB № 467, 2015 g.

Konstitutsia na Republika Bulgaria. (Obn., DV, br. 56 ot 13.07.1991 g., br. 78 ot 26.09.2006 g. - Reshenie № 7 na Konstitutsionnia sad ot 2006 g., br. 12 ot 6.02.2007 g.).

Corrigan, P. W. (2005) Changing stigma through contact. Advances in Schizophrenia and Clinical Psychiatry, 1, 614-625.

Corrigan and Watson (2002) Understanding the impact of stigma on people with mental illness World Psychiatry, 1: 16-20.

Crisp AH et al (2000) Stigmatisation of people with mental illnesses. The British Journal of Psychiatry; 177: 4-7.

Deliverska, M. (2014) Diskriminatsia, osnovana na genetichni harakteristiki. Kak da ya razpoznaem i preodoleem. Sofia.

Disability Rights California, Definitions of Stigma and Discrimination, Mental Health Service Act 63.

Dressing, H. and H. J. Salize (2004) Compulsory admission of mentally ill patients in European Union Member States. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 39(10): p. 797-803.

Ekimdzhiev, M. (2005) Diskriminatsia - osaznavane i opoznavane na problema. - sp. Pravata na choveka, br. 4.

Fachdienst der Lebenshilfe (1995), Inclusion. Heft 2, Marburg.

First, M. B., Frances, A., & Pincus, H. (1997), ADSM-IVTR handbook of differential diagnosis. Washington, American Psychiatric Association.

Genchev, A. (2018) Analiz na dlazhnostni harakteristiki na sotsialnia rabotnik v Direktsia „Sotsialno podpomagane“. - V: Patishta na profesionalizma v sotsialnata rabota.

Goffman, E. (1963) Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. New York: Simon & Schuster, Inc.

Gradev, D. (2010) Stigma i lichnostna biografia. Sofia.

Graham Thornicroft1, Diana Rose2, & Aliya Kassam (2007) Discrimination In Health Care Against People With Mental Illnessp International Review Of Psychiatry, 19(2): 113-122.

Hugo, C. J., Boshoff, D.E.L., Traut, A., Zungu-Dirwayi, N., & Stein, D. J., (2003), Community attitudes toward and knowledge of mental illness in South Africa. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 38, 715-719. doi:10.1007/s00127-003-0695-3.

Irwin, K. (1981) Stigma: A Social Psychological Analysis.

Ivkov, B. (2005), Sotsialnoto izklyuchvane. Za ponyatieto „sotsialno izklyuchvane“. - Sotsiologicheski problemi, 3-4, 2005.

Ivkov, B. (2012) Promotsia na zdraveto - osnovni ponyatia i definitsii. (https://bojidarivkov.wordpress.com/2012/11/01/)

Jorgova, M. i dr. (2011) Sotsialno vklyuchvane. V. Tarnovo.

Knapp, M. Hidden costs of mental illness. Br J Psychiatry, 183: p. 477-8. Lauber, C., Stigma and discrimination against people with mental illness: a critical appraisal, Epidemiol Psichiatr Soc, 2008. 17(1): p. 10-3, 2003.

Klim-Klimashevska, A. (2003) Kompetentnost i lichni kachestva na sotsialnia rabotnik. - V: Teoria i praktika na sotsialnata rabota. Problemi i perspektivi. Sofia.

Kozhuharov, H., K. Taskov, I. Boncheva (2015) - Varnenski meditsinski forum, t. 4, br. 2.

Kroft, S., P. Beresford (1999) Kak da se vklyuchim. Sofia.

Letamo, G. The discriminatory attitudes of health workers against people living with HIV, 2005.

Livingston JD, Boyd J., Correlates and consequences of internalized stigma for people living with mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Social Science and Medicine; 7: 2150-2161, 2010.

Mashonov, N. (2011) Kratak kurs po psihiatria za spetsialisti ot sotsialni sluzhbi, raboteshti v sferata na psihichnoto zdrave. - V: Zhivot v obshtnostta. Narachnik za profesionalisti v organizatsii za psihosotsialna rehabilitatsia. Sdruzhenie „Chovekolyubie“. Sotsialni deynosti, t. 104, 51-91, Sofia.

Mehandzhiyska, G. (2008) Metodicheski problemi na sotsialnata rabota s nedobrovolni klienti. - Pedagogika, 4, Sofia.

Mehandzhiyska, G. (2016) Pomagashtite otnoshenia - sashtnost i smisal. - V: Sotsialniyat rabotnik, klientat, sredata - vav fokusa na metodikata na sotsialnite uslugi. Sofia.

Mehandzhiyska, G. (2017) Kak pomaga klinichnata sotsialna rabota: oblasti i metodi za interventsia. - E-spisanie sotsialna rabota, broy 2, godina V, Sofia.

Milusheva, T. (2016), Klyuchovi umenia i tehniki za motivirane, V: Sotsialniyat rabotnik, klientat, sredata - vav fokusa na metodikata na sotsialnite uslugi, Sofia.

Müller, B., et al., Mental illness, stigma and social support: A longitudinal approach. Social Science and Medicine, 62: p. 39-49, 2006.

Nunev, S. (2009) Antidiskriminatsionna i antipotiskashta sotsialna rabota. Savremenna teoria i praktika. Sofia.

Parle, Siobhan How does stigma aDect people with mental illness? IN Nursing Times Vol 108 No 28 / 10.07.12, 2012.

Pravilnik za prilagane na Zakona za horata s uvrezhdania - proekt, izgotven na 22.02.2019 g.

Pravilnik za prilagane na Zakona za integratsia na horata s uvrezhdania, v sila ot 15.06.2018 g.

Robins, E., & Guze, S.B. Establishment of diagnostic validity in psychiatric illness: Its application schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 126, 983-986, 1970. Role Stress of Workers Providing Mental Health Services in a Managed Care Era, 2009.

Rosch, E., & Mueller, S., Classification judgements: Restrictive conditions for the explanation stereotypes. Zeitschriftfiir Sozialpsychologie, 9, 246-256, 1978.

Sapundzhiev, S. (2018) Profesionalna kompetentnost na klinichnia sotsialen rabotnik po preventsia na sotsialnoto izklyuchvane pri litsa s psihichni razstroystva. - V: Patishta na profesionalizma v sotsialnata rabota. Sofia.

Sapundzhiev, S., G. Deyanova (2015) Aspekti na stigmatizatsiyata pri rabota s litsa s psihichni razstroystva. - Psihologichni izsledvania, br. „Naglasi kam razlichiyata i vliyanieto im varhu obshtestvenite protsesi“.

Shaw, J., et al., Mental illness in people who kill strangers: longitudinal study and national clinical survey. British Medical Journal, 328(7442): p. 734-7, 2004.

Simpson, A.I., et al., Homicide and mental illness in New Zealand,. Br J Psychiatry, 185: p. 394-8, 2004.

Stancheva-Popkostadinova, V, R. Yakimova, G. Hranov (2011) Zhivot v obshtnostta. Sbornik na narodnia universitet za psihichno zdrave. Sdruzhenie „Chovekolyubie“.

Stephen P. Hinshaw and Andrea Stier, Stigma as Related to Mental Disorders, Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol, 4:367-93, 2008.

Stigma, Discrimination and Mental Ilness, Creating amentally healthy community, p. 1-3, 2009.

Taylor, P.J. and J. Gunn, Homicides by people with mental illness: myth and reality. Br J Psychiatry, 174: p. 9-14, 1999.

UN. Principles for the protection of persons with mental illness and for the improvement of mental health care. Adopted by the United Nations General Assembly resolution 46/119, 1991.

Ustroystven pravilnik na ASP, ot ofitsialen sayt na Agentsia „Sotsialno podpomagane“. - http://www.asp.government.bg/ASP_Files/ustroistven_pravilnik_ASP.rtf s posledno izm. i dop. ot 20.07.2016g. (Accessed: 18 dekemvri, 2018).

Vseobshta deklaratsia na pravata na choveka. (http://www.ohchr.org/en/udhr/pages/Language.aspx?LangID=blg).

Who-Wpa - Reducing Stigma And Discrimination Against Older People With Mental Disorders Geneva, 2002.

Wittchen, H. U. and F. Jacobi, Size and burden of mental disorders in Europea critical review and appraisal of 27 studies. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol, 15(4): p. 357-76, 2005.

Wolf, M., „Globalization and social exclusion: Some paradoxes“, In: Social Exclusion: Rhetoric Reality Responses, Geneva, 1994.

Zakon za zashtita ot diskriminatsia, zagl. izm. - DV, br. 68 ot 2006 g.

Zakon za horata s uvrezhdania, v sila ot 01.01.2019 g.

Zakon za integratsia na horata s uvrezhdania, v sila ot 01.01.2005 g., otm. 01.01.2019 g.

Zakon za litsata i semeystvoto, v sila ot 10.09.1949 g., izm. - DV, br.120 ot 29 Dekemvri 2002g.

Zakona za zdraveto, v sila ot 01.01.2005 g., izm. i dop. - DV, br.18 ot 22 mart 2019g.