Predictors of developmental dyslexia

Abstract

The study presents a theoretical and empirical research of the precursors of written language disorders encountered in pre-school age. The theoretical part traces the theories of the origin of dyslexia, each of which also reveals signs of its timely prognosis - 12 predictors with different prognostic value. The purpose of the author's own research is to study 30 students with specific dyslexia and 30 students without disorders, all in 4th grade, the state of four basic predictors: phonological knowledge, phonemic gnosis, visual gnosis, oral language. The intensity of their manifestations demonstrates the possibility of using them as predictors of dyslexia. The results show that in terms of informativeness, the predictors are arranged in the following order: 1. phonological knowledge; 2. oral language; 3. phonemic gnosis. Visual gnosis has not a predictive value.

References:

Asenova, I. (2009). Nevropsihologiya. Blagoevgrad: Iranik-M.

Kornev, A. (2009). Klyuchovi vaprosi na disleksiata. Spetsialna pedagogika, 4, 4 - 17.

Mavlov, L. (2005). Aleksii i agrafii. Sofia: Romel.

Matanova, V. (1999). Nevropshologichni defitsiti pri detsata sas spetsifichni obuchitelni trudnosti. Spetsialna pedagogika, 4, 17-24.

Matanova, V (2001). Disleksiya. Sofia: Sofi R.

Matanova, V (2003). Psihologiya na anomalnoto razvitie. Sofia: Sofi R.

Shtereva, K. (2011). Fonologichnoto osaznavane I barzoto naxovavane kato prediktori za usvoyavane na protsesa chetene. In Gercheva-Nestorova, G. (Ed.). Prilozhnata psihologiya v Balgariya: vazmozhnosti i perspektivi, 397-410. Varna: Varnenski svoboden universitet.

Todorova, E. (2007). Disleksiya. Sofia: Nov balgarski universitet.

Tsvetkova, S. (2006). Aspekti v obuchenieto na detsata sas spetsifichni narusheniya na ucheneto. Sofia: Infofarma.

Tsvetkova, S. (2011). Za detsata sas spetsifichni narusheniya na ucheneto. ]. In GerchevaNestorova, G. (Ed.). Prilozhnata psihologiya v Balgariya: vazmozhnosti i perspektivi, 473-483. Varna: Varnenski svoboden universitet.

Berninger, V. & J. Busse, J. (1999). Learning disabilities in reading, writing and arithmetic. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association (Boston, August, 1999). Retrieved April 10, 2020 from http://www.newswise.com/articles/1999/.

Bishop, D. V. M., Bishop, S. J., Bright, P., James, C., Delaney, T. & Tallal, P. (1999). Different origin of auditory and phonological processing problems in children with language impairment: evidence from a twin study. Journal o f Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 42, 155-168.

Bishop, D. V. M. & Snowling, M. J. (2004). Developmental Dyslexia and Specific Language Impairment: Same or Different? Psychological Bulletin, 130 (6), 858-866. Bowers, P. G. & Swanson, L. B. (1991). Naming speed deficits in reading disability: Multiple measures of a singular process. Journal o f Experimental Child Psychology, 51, 195-219.

Denckla, M. (1972). Clinical syndromes in learning disabilities. Journal o f Learning Disabilities, 5, 401-406.

Denckla, M. B. & Rudel, R. G. (1976). Rapid „automazed“ naming (R.A.N.): Dyslexia differentiated from other learning disabilities. Neuropsychology, 14, 471-479.

Estienne, F. Dislexie. (1985). Dans: Mardaga, P. (Ed.). Troubles de language (diagnostique et rééducation). Bruxelles: PIF, 397-431.

Fawcett, A. J. & Nicolson, R. I. (2004). Dyslexia: the role of the cerebellum. Electronic Journal of Research and Educational Psychology, 2 (2), 35-58. Retrieved April 12, 2020, from https://www.unirsm.sm/media/documenti/unirsm_1992.pdf

Galaburda, A. M., Sherman, J. F., Rosen, G. D., Aboitiz., F. & Gescgwind, N. (1985). Developmental dyslexia: four consecutive patients with cortical anomalies. Annals of Neurology, 18 (2), 222-233.

Landerl, K., Ramus, F., Moll, K., Lyytinen, H., Leppanen, P., Lohvansuu, K. ... Schulte-Korne, G. (2013). Predictors of developmental dyslexia in European orthographies with varying complexity. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 54:6, 686-694. Retrieved April 10, 2020, from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jcpp.12029

Landerl, K. & Wimmer, H. (2008). Development of word reading fluency and spelling in a consistent orthography: An 8-year follow-up. Journal of Educational Psychology, 100 (1), 150-161. Retrieved April 10, 2019, from https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.100.L150

Levinson, I. N. (1994). A Scientific Watergate, Dislexia. Like Success. NY: Stone-Bridge.

McArthur, G. M. & Hogben, J. H. (2001). Auditory backword recognition masking in children with a specific language impairment and children with a specific reading disability. Journal of Acoustical Society of America, 109, 1092-1100.

Pugh, K., Mencl, W., Jenner, A., Katz, L., Frost, S., Ren Lee, J., Shaywitz, S. & Shaywitz, B. (2000). Functional neuro-imaging studies of reading and reading disability (developmental dyslexia). Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 6, 297-213.

Ramus, F., Rosen, S., Dakin, B., Day, J., Castellote, J., White, S. & Frith, U. (2003). Theories of developmental dyslexia: insight from a multiple case study of dyslexic adults. Brain, 126, 841-865.

Shaywitz, S. E. (1996). Dyslexia. Scientific America, 5, 2-8.

Snowling, M. J. (2001). From Language to Reading and Dyslexia. Dyslexia, 7 (1), 37-46.

Stein, J., Talcott, J. & Witton, C. (2001). The sensorimotor basis of developmental dyslexia. In: Fawcett, A. (Ed.), Dyslexia, Theory and Good Practice. London: Whurr.

Tallal, P. (1980). Auditory temporal perception, phonics and reading disability in children. Brain and Language, 9, 182-198.

Tallal, P., Miller, S. & Fitch, R. H. (1995). Neurobiological basis of speech: A case for the preeminence of temporal processing. Irish Journal o f Psychology, 16 (3), 194-219.

Thompson, P. A., Hulme, C., Nash, H. M., Hayiou-Thomas, E. & Snowling, M. J. Developmental dyslexia: predicting individual risk. Journal o f Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Volume 56, Issue 9. Retrieved April 12, 2020, from https://onlinelibrary. wiley.com/doi/iull/10.1111/jcpp.12412

Wilsenach, C. (2006). Syntactic Processing in Developmental Dyslexia and in Speech Language Impairment /SLI/ - Doctoral dissertation. Utrecht University (Netherlands). Retrieved April, 12, 2020, from https://www.lotpublications.nl/Documents/128_fulltext.pdf