Disinformation as a Topical Societal Phenomenon. Definitions, Identifying Characteristics and Related Terms

Abstract

Abstract: Disinformation has emerged as a major problem in recent years and tackling it requires a complex approach. The paper provides a theoretical review of several important articles in German and English that appeared after 2016. Notable scholars in the field define the term “fake news” as irrelevant, but there is still a discussion about the specific boundaries between different types of disinformation. The review article aims to systematize and analyze some definitions of the related terms. It identifies the similarities and differences between the phenomena and draws out their distinctive characteristics. The summary provides six key findings and highlights the general directions in which scientific discourse is currently developing. The similarities between the overlapping concepts lie in the fact that all researchers deal with the intentional creation and distribution of false or misleading information for specific purposes, including financial, political, or other. The disinformation is necessarily malicious, harmful to the public interest, and is a threat because it reduces trust in democratic institutions and processes.