The United States, Austria-Hungary and the Czecho-Slovak independence movement during the First World War
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60053/GSU.IF.1.97.239-323Keywords:
Czechoslovak independence, US Diplomacy, Austria-Hungary, Tomáš Garrigue MasarykAbstract
The study presents the Czecho-Slovak movement for independence during the First World
War (1914-1918) on the background of the American-Austria-Hungarian relations.
Prior to the outbreak of the war Central Europe was tе,та incognita to the United States.
Тhеу became interested in this region during the war. The USA regarded the existence of AustriaHungary as essential to the European balance of power and reliaЫe bulwark against Gennany and her dream of Drang nach Osten. So the USA attempted to make Austria-Hungary conclude а separate реасе as soon as possible. On their side, the Allies would guarantee her territorial integrity. Thus the American policy was in evident contradiction with the Czech and Slovak aspirations for complete national independence. The Czecho-Slovak resistance abroad was headed bу Т. G. Masaryk who formulated the national program for liberation of Czechs and Slovaks. His aim was to persuade the politicians and statesmen from the Entente to support the national cause of Czechs and Slovaks. However, neither he, nor the propaganda activities of the American Czechs and Slovaks gave real results. The American policy toward the Habsburg empire changed as а result of the so called Sixtus affair in April 1918 not as а result of Masaryk's activities abroad. This resulted in а recognition of the Czecho-Slovak national aspirations bу the USA and the Entente countries in the summer and autumn of 1918.
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