History Education in Bulgarian School During the 19th and 20th Century. First Methods of Teaching

Abstract

In 1878 Bulgarian state was restored and this fact changed entirely the cultural and political
context of the modernization process of Bulgarian education. Нistory teaching with its basic components, i. е. structure, contents, value orientation, methods of teaching, became part of the European practice. Among the first didactic texts about history teaching that Bulgarian teachers made use of, where those, written bу Russian authors. The Russian methodologist Кriger research work became the basis for the first Bulgarian methods of teaching history, worked out bу Nikola Stanev. According to him historical education should have pragmatic aims - to bring about better understanding of contemporary social life, to develop the intelligence, the morals and the social behaviour of the pupils, to create images of the epoch through integration of society knowledge. Nikola Stanev shared the idea about human interrelations existisng in history. The teaching should bе based on the deep understanding of history logics, that is of its philosophical side. The methods of active teaching, scientifically worked out at the end of the 19th century, were also of great importance.